Evolution Flashcards
A scientific explanation that IS supported by evidence.
Theory
A tentative and testable statement that is CAPABLE of being supported or not supported.
Hypothesis.
What experiment supported the Primordial Soup Hypothesis?
The Miller-Urey Experiment.
What is produced by the Miller-Urey Experiment?
Simple organic molecules such as Amino Acids.
What is the RNA World Hypothesis?
RNA, not DNA, was the world hypothesis.
A relationship in which one organism lives inside another organism and both benefit. (mutualism).
Endosymbiosis
The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment to survive and reproduce more successfully.
Natural Selection.
Can individuals adapt? Explain.
No, it takes many generations for an adaptation to take place, and when it does it happens to the whole population.
The theory that all living things descended from a common ancestor.
Common Descent.
A record of organisms on earth that have been preserved in rock.
Fossil Record.
The study of distribution of species in a geographical area over time.
Biogeography.
All living things have the same type of molecules that are necessary for life; DNA, RNA, and proteins (Amino Acids)
Molecular Homology
Some living things have anatomical similarities such as similar bone or muscle structure.
Anatomical Homology.
What is a vestigial structure?
A structure an organism has but doesn’t need or use.
Common structure, different function
Homologous
Common Function, different Structure
Analogous
Genetic Variation
Differences within a species
When species produce more offspring than can actually survive.
Overproduction of offspring.
The offspring that do survive must compete for limited resources.
Struggle for survival/adaptation.
Even when organisms survive in terms of competition only some will reproduce and pass off their genes.
Differential survival and reproduction/Descent with modification.
What are the four principles of natural selection?
a. ) Genetic Variation
b. ) Overproduction of offspring
c. )Struggle for survival/adaptation
d. )Differential survival and reproduction/descent with modification
Blending into ones environment
Camouflage
Copying another species
Mimicry
a type of selection where the entire curve moves in one direction because phenotypes at one extreme are favored.
Directional selection
A type of selection where genetic variation is decreased because the individuals in the middle of the curve are most fit.
Stabilizing selection
A type of selection where the individuals at the ends of the curve are more fit than the individual in the middle.
Disruptive.
what do gene pools include?
all of the alleles in a population
In genetic terms when does evolution occur?
occurs when there is a change in the allele frequency.
A change in allele frequency in a population due to the transfer of alleles from one population due to the transfer of alleles from one population to another.
Gene Flow
A change in allele frequency in a population due to random sampling.
Genetic Drift.
A state in which the allele frequency remains constant. evolution does not occur
Genetic equilibrium
The process of forming a new species
Speciation.
Species are isolated from each other because they have different behaviors, such as different mating rituals.
Behavioral isolation
Species are isolated from each other because they mate at different times of the day or year.
Temporal isolation
Species are isolated from each other geographically.
Geographic isolation
Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrealted species
Convergent evolution
similar related species, homologous structures, different environments.
Divergent evolution
Coevolution
2 or more species evolve in responce to changes in each other.
Evolutionary changes over a long period of time.
Gradualism
looks like a tree
Evolutionary changes over suddenly in geographic time and are followed by long periods of little evolutionary change or STASIS.
Punctuated Equilibrium
The evolutionary history of a species
Phylogeny
How is a cladogram made?
Made by figuring out which derived characteristics are shared by which species.
