Animal and Plant systems. Flashcards
List the levels of organization in animals from smallest to largest.
Cells, tissue, Organs, Organ systems, Organism.
What does the muscular system do?
Aids in movement and helps move substances through the body.
What does the skeletal system do?
Protects, supports, and moves the body.
What does the Nervous system do?
Transmits signals to different parts of the body.
What does the Endocrine system do?
Produces hormones.
What does the Respiratory system do?
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What does the circulatory system do?
Moves blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body.
What does the reproductive system do?
Produces gametes that combine during sexual reproduction to make offspring.
What does the digestive system do?
Breaks down food into usable energy for the body to use.
What does the Excretory system do?
Eliminates waste from the body.
What does the Immune system do?
Fights off infections and pathogens.
What does the integumentary system do?
Maintains homeostasis and form a protective covering.
Which systems are involved in nutrient absorption?
Digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems.
What is peristalsis?
The contracting and relaxing of muscles.
How do villi and micro villi help with nutrient absorption?
They increase surface area.
Which system gets rid of liquid waste?
Excretory system.
What is homeostasis?
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment.
What is positive feedback?
output in one causes increase in the other.
Ex: Blood Clotting, and child birth.
What is negative feedback?
Output reduced the effect of a stimulus. (returning conditions back to the ideal range.)
Ex: Temperature, and Blood sugar.
What systems are involved in regulating body temperatures?
Nervous, Circulatory, Integumentary, and muscular.
What systems are involved in regulating blood glucose?
Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, and Digestive.
Which body system monitors the body?
Nervous system.
Which body system makes and sends hormones?
Endocrine system.
Which system circulates material through the body?
Circulatory system.
Which systems protect you from injury?
Integumentary, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, and more.
Give an example of the body protecting itself from injury. Include the systems involved.
Nervous system tells your body to react to the pain.
Muscular system moves your hand away from the thing causing you pain.
Integumentary protects your organs.
Which systems prevent and fight infections?
Immune, integumentary, and circulatory systems.
How does your body respond to every pathogen?
You get fevers, inflamation, and/or barriers.
What happens to B and T cells after they are used to fight the infection?
They are stored as memory cells so that they can respond if the same pathogen tries to infect the organism again.
What are the functions of the male reproductive system?
To produce sperm, and deliver sperm to the female reproductive system.
What are the functions of the female reproductive system?
Produce egg cells, and provide a place for the zygote to develop.
What is fertilization?
The meaning of a sperm cell and an egg.
What systems are involved in reproduction?
Reproductive, Endocrine, Circulatory, and Muscular system.
What is the function of leaves?
they carry out photosynthesis, and gas exchange.
What is the stems function?
Transports water, minerals, hormones, and photosynthetic products throughout the earth.
What is the Roots function?
Absorb water and minerals from soil.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Absorbs sunlight.
How do guard cells regulate the size of the stomata?
They make the stomata swell to open and shrivel to close.
What does the xylem transport?
Water and minerals.
What does the phloem transport?
Food and hormones.
How do roots and shoots work together to absorb nutrients?
Roots absorb nutrients from the soil, and the stem (Shoot system) transports the nutrients to the rest of the plant.
How do roots and shoot work together to maintain homeostasis?
By using transpiration.
Define Tropism.
A plants responce to a stimulus.
Define Phototropism.
A plants response to light.
Define Geotropism.
A plants response to gravity.
Define Thigmotropism.
A plants response to touch.
Define Hydrotropism.
A plants response to water.
What is auxin, and how does it affect the plant?
a plant hormone that Causes the plant to elongate towards light.
How do plants reproduce asexually?
Vegetative Propagation.
Which parts of the flower are male?
Anther, and filament.
Which parts of the flower are female?
Stigma, style, and Ovary.
What are the male and female gametes?
Male: Pollen
Female: Ovule
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma.
What is fertilization?
The union of pollen to ovule to form a zygote.
What is germination?
Process by which a plant grows from a seed.
