evolution 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Gene pool

A

A gene pool is all the sets of genes and their different alleles present in an interbreeding population.

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2
Q

When/how do new allele combinations in individuals occur?

A

New allele combinations in individuals occur through crossing over and random orientation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis and the fusing of genes from the 2 parents

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3
Q

Stabilising selection

A

Stabilising selection occurs when existing, beneficial variations are already common and they continue to dominate the gene pool.

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4
Q

Directional selection

A

Directional selection occurs when one extreme trait offers a survival or reproductive advantage. It usually is a result of a change in the environment.

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5
Q

Disruptive selection

A

Disruptive selection occurs when the most frequent phenotype becomes a disadvantage. The population may break into two groups if this happens.

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6
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

Reproductive isolation is the failure of individuals from two populations to produce fertile offspring, reducing gene flow between the populations.

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7
Q

Geographic isolation

A

Geographic isolation is the separation of populations by a physical barrier that reduces gene flow.

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8
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

Allopatric speciation is when a new species develops from a population becoming geographically isolated from other populations.

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9
Q

Behavioral isolation

A

Behavioral isolation is a behaviour that reduces gene flow between part of a population.

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10
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

Sympatric speciation is when part of a population develops into a new species while living in the same geographic area as its ancestral population.

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11
Q

Temporal isolation

A

Temporal isolation is a shift in the timing of a behavior (mating) that reduces gene flow between part of a population.

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12
Q

Gradualism versus punctuated equilibrium

A

Gradualism is evolution occuring from slowly from minor changes whereas punctuated equilibrium evolution occurring rapidly.

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13
Q

Polyploidy

A

Polyploidy is the presence of more than 2 complete sets of chromosomes in a cell.

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