ecology accumulative terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Alien species

A

Any species that moves to an area where it did not previously inhabit and negatively impacts the environment.

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2
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

When organisms within one trophic level accumulate toxins in their body through food

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3
Q

Biomagnification

A

When organisms feed on other organisms from the trophic level below and by doing so, accumulate toxins to a concentration greater than the trophic level below them

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4
Q

Gyre

A

Naturally rotating ocean current, 5 located within oceans around the world

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5
Q

Indicator species

A

Species present only when specific environmental conditions are met

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6
Q

The edge effect

A

Changes in a population or community along the boundary of a habitat

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7
Q

Fragmentation

A

When reserves become fragmented in smaller patches (usually by road construction)

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8
Q

Detritivores

A

obtain energy from detritus (waste) by internal digestion, ex: worms

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9
Q

Saprotrophs

A

obtain energy by external digestion aka breaks down debris using secreting enzymes to absorb, ex: fungi

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10
Q

Fundamental versus realized niche

A

FUNDAMENTAL NICHE: set of conditions an organism can survive/reproduce in. REALIZED NICHE: set of conditions in an organism’s actual mode of existence after interacting with other species.

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11
Q

Why is the number of trophic levels limited?

A

10% rule. As the trophic levels move up, less of the original solar energy is stored at each level.

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12
Q

3 reasons why energy decreases through trophic levels

A

The rest of the 90% of energy is 1. released into biosphere as heat 2. some biomass is not eaten (bones) 3. biomass is egested

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13
Q

What are some forms of energy conversion?

A

Cellular respiration and light energy into chemical energy in photosynthesis

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14
Q

Primary succession versus secondary succession

A

PRIMARY SUCCESSION: newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time. SECONDARY SUCCESSION: an area that was previously occupied by living things is disturbed, then re-colonized following the disturbance.

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