Evidence of Inequality for Men

Question 1

Workplace= Farrell

Answer 1

The ‘glass cellar’ refers to the 25 lowest-ranked professions, 24 of which are 85-100% male-dominated, such as roofer, welder, rubbish collector, and sewer maintenance.

Question 2

Workplace= Benatar

Answer 2

n The Second Sexism, he argues that the least desirable, most dangerous jobs with the lowest pay and security are still mainly held by men.

Question 3

Education= Willis

Answer 3

Working-class lads are fatalistic about their futures, following in their father’s footsteps into low-status, low-paid manual jobs. This leads to anti-school attitudes as they don’t see the value in qualifications, believing they don’t need them for these jobs.

Question 4

Education= Mitsos and Browne

Answer 4

Teachers treat boys and girls differently, which can lead to inequality. They are too lenient on boys’ ‘laddish’ behavior, which harms their achievement. In contrast, girls are punished more for breaking school rules and gender norms, being seen as ‘doubly deviant’, which pushes them to achieve.

Question 5

Media= Sewell

Answer 5

Black Afro-Caribbean boys, from matriarchal backgrounds and lacking a father figure, turned to rapper role models. This negative influence led them into deviant, anti-school subcultures, which contributed to their lack of achievement.

Question 6

Media= Easthorpe

Answer 6

He argues that media, especially Hollywood films and video games, portray masculinity as being based on strength, aggression, competition, and violence, suggesting it’s biologically determined and a natural goal for boys.

Question 7

Crime= Messeerschmidt

Answer 7

He argues that gangs are a place for males to ‘do masculinity’, proving and achieving it. He calls this ‘accomplished masculinity’.

Question 8

Crime= Campbell

Answer 8

Men are denied their masculinity through academic success or being the breadwinner in a de-industrialized society, so they turn to violence and anti-social behavior to express their masculinity.