Evidence Of Evolution (FOSSILS)

Question 1

EOE
(fossils)

Answer 1

• Evidence has been found to indicate that living things have changed gradually during their national history. The study of fossils as well as embryology, biochemistry, and comparative anatomy provides evidence for evolution.

Question 2

What is a homologous structure?

Answer 2

• These structures are formed in similar ways during embryonic development and share like arrangements. However, they MAY or MAY NOT have somewhat different forms and functions, they’re called HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES.
  ~ inherited by common ancestors

Question 3

Why is it that they might have different functions?

Answer 3

• Different functions occur due to all the different types of environmental conditions they have faced throughout evolution.

Question 4

What are analogous structures?

Answer 4

• Some apparently unrelated animals have organs with similar function, yet are very different in structure and form. These structures are called ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES.
  ~ not inherited by common ancestors.
  ~ evolve in species of different origins who live similar ecological units.

Question 5

what are vestigial structures?

Answer 5

• a structure that is a reduced version of a structure that once had an important function in the organisms of ancestors.
  ~ no purpose, no environmental stressor, and no disadvantage and therefore, no natural selection needed.
  ~ reduce in size, because of efficiency.

Question 6

What is embryology?

Answer 6

• The study of early, pre- birth stages of an organism’s development can be used to determine evolutionary relationships among animals.
  ~ As the embryos of similar organisms have similar stages of embryonic development.

Question 7

Molecular Biology

Answer 7

• Using the evidence of DNA, if two organisms have similar patterns, we can assume they have common ancestors.
  ~ Go through notes and look at amino acid note.

Question 8

Fossil record

Answer 8

• The remains and traces of past life that are found in sedimentary rock; it reveals the history of life on earth and the kinds of organisms that were alive in the past.
  ~Fossils found in younger layers of rocks are more similar to species alive today
  ~Fossils appear in chronological order in the rock layers –> ancestors found in the older rocks.
  ~ Not all organisms appear in the fossil record at the same time.

Question 9

Transitional fossils

Answer 9

• A fossil that shows intermediary links between groups of organisms and shares characteristics common to two new separate groups of species.
  –>help link past to the present
  –>helps better understand the evolutionary process between groups and organisms.

Question 10

Biogeography

Answer 10

• The study of the past and present geographical distribution of species populations.
  ~ Darwin and Alfred hypothesized that species evolve in one location and spread to other regions. Biogeography supports this:
  –> close environments are most likely to be populated with related species
  –>animals found on nearby islands closely resemble the species.
  –> fossils of same species can be found on the coastline of neighboring continents.