Everything Session 5 (Substance Missuse) Flashcards
Definition of Substance misuse
The harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs
What is dependence syndrome?
Persistence of use of a substance despite its harmful consequences
What are the 4 types of substances that can be misused?
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Depressants
Volatile substances+designer drugs
What are stimulants?
Substances that make you feel alert
Examples of Stimulants
Tobacco
Cocaine
Speed-amphetamine
Mephedrone
What are Hallucinogens?
Substances which alter the mind
Examples of Hallucinogens
LSD
Magic Mushrooms
MDMA
What are Depressants?
Substances that make you feel relaxed
Examples of Depressants
Alcohol
Heroin
Tranquillisers
Cannabis
What is physical dependence?
Experiencing symptoms associated with withdrawal from substance
What is Psycholoigcal Dependance?
Dependence relating to having impaired control
What indications are needed to diagnose Depenedence?
Strong desire or sense of compulsion to take substance
Difficulty in controlling substance taking behaviour
PHYSIOLOGICAL WITHDRAWAL STATE
EVIDENCE OF TOLERANCE
PROGRESSIVE NEGLECT OF ALTERNATE PLEASURES OR INTERESTS
Risk factors leading to drug use
Family life issuers
Adverse childhood issues
Poor mental health
Unemployment and poor educational attainment
Social group
Previous Drug Use
What models are there to aid understanding of drug use?
Moral model
Disease model
Psycho-dynamic model
Social learning model
Socio-cultural model
Public health model
What are the 3 Theories explaining dependence
Classical conditioning model
Imitation theories
Rational choice
Classical Conditioning Model for dependence
Cues, short term rewards and associations
A cue is paired with an unconditional response
Blood alcohol falls and now craving and withdraw from alcohol
Imitiation theories for dependence
Social learning theory - learning through obs and listening to others
Seeing others use drugs/alcohol increase the likelihood you will use too
Self efficacy - thinking they have the ability to abstain if they want to
Rational Choice theory for dependence
Making rational choices that favours the benefits of dependence over costs of it
Individuals motivated by goals and wants
Discounting the future makes them more likely to become addict and dependant
What are the 4 categories of Effects that drug misuse has?
Physcial
Social
Psychological
Mental Health
What are the Physical effects of drug misuse?
Complications from injection (DVT,abscesses)
Blood borne virus transmission
Poor pregnancy outcomes
Effects of poverty (malnutrition)
Social Effects of drug misuse
Effects on families and children
Driven to criminality
Imprisonment
Social exclusion
Psychosocial Effects of drug misuse
Fear of withdrawal
Cravings
Guilt
Mental Health effects of drug misuse
Self medication
Depression
Which is the behaviour cycle that aims to change health behaviours?
Prochaska Diclemente cycle of change
What are the stage of the Prochaska Diclemente cycle of change?
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
(Relapse can happen at any point)
What is the Pre-contemplation stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?
Person not aware of the health implications of their actions (no desire to change)
What is the Contemplation stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?
Person recognises issue with their behaviour and starts to think about changing
What is the Preparation stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?
People prepare themselves to change their behaviour
What is the Action stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?
Individuals successfully and consistently performing new behaviour
What is the Maintenance stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?
Occurs when behaviour has been performed for months or longer
What are the Psycho-social interventions for drug users?
-Health checks
-Screening for blood borne viruses
-Contraception
-Sexual health advice
What are the main elements of treatment and care for drug misuse?
Substitute prescribing (methadone = an opioid)
Psycho-social counselling (Cognitive Behaviourial Therapy/support groups)
Detoxification
Maintenance medication (stopping overdosing)
Which method of treatment has the best evidence for treating drug dependence?
Methadone maintenance treatment
What are the 2 key elements for treatment?
Engagement of Patient
Non-judgemental support workers
