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Y1 - PASS 1 > Everything Session 5 (Substance Missuse) > Flashcards

Everything Session 5 (Substance Missuse) Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Substance misuse

A

The harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs

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2
Q

What is dependence syndrome?

A

Persistence of use of a substance despite its harmful consequences

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of substances that can be misused?

A

Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Depressants
Volatile substances+designer drugs

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4
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Substances that make you feel alert

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5
Q

Examples of Stimulants

A

Tobacco
Cocaine
Speed-amphetamine
Mephedrone

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6
Q

What are Hallucinogens?

A

Substances which alter the mind

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7
Q

Examples of Hallucinogens

A

LSD
Magic Mushrooms
MDMA

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8
Q

What are Depressants?

A

Substances that make you feel relaxed

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9
Q

Examples of Depressants

A

Alcohol
Heroin
Tranquillisers
Cannabis

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10
Q

What is physical dependence?

A

Experiencing symptoms associated with withdrawal from substance

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11
Q

What is Psycholoigcal Dependance?

A

Dependence relating to having impaired control

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12
Q

What indications are needed to diagnose Depenedence?

A

Strong desire or sense of compulsion to take substance
Difficulty in controlling substance taking behaviour
PHYSIOLOGICAL WITHDRAWAL STATE
EVIDENCE OF TOLERANCE
PROGRESSIVE NEGLECT OF ALTERNATE PLEASURES OR INTERESTS

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13
Q

Risk factors leading to drug use

A

Family life issuers
Adverse childhood issues
Poor mental health
Unemployment and poor educational attainment
Social group
Previous Drug Use

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14
Q

What models are there to aid understanding of drug use?

A

Moral model
Disease model
Psycho-dynamic model
Social learning model
Socio-cultural model
Public health model

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15
Q

What are the 3 Theories explaining dependence

A

Classical conditioning model
Imitation theories
Rational choice

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16
Q

Classical Conditioning Model for dependence

A

Cues, short term rewards and associations

A cue is paired with an unconditional response
Blood alcohol falls and now craving and withdraw from alcohol

17
Q

Imitiation theories for dependence

A

Social learning theory - learning through obs and listening to others

Seeing others use drugs/alcohol increase the likelihood you will use too

Self efficacy - thinking they have the ability to abstain if they want to

18
Q

Rational Choice theory for dependence

A

Making rational choices that favours the benefits of dependence over costs of it

Individuals motivated by goals and wants

Discounting the future makes them more likely to become addict and dependant

19
Q

What are the 4 categories of Effects that drug misuse has?

A

Physcial
Social
Psychological
Mental Health

20
Q

What are the Physical effects of drug misuse?

A

Complications from injection (DVT,abscesses)
Blood borne virus transmission
Poor pregnancy outcomes
Effects of poverty (malnutrition)

21
Q

Social Effects of drug misuse

A

Effects on families and children
Driven to criminality
Imprisonment
Social exclusion

22
Q

Psychosocial Effects of drug misuse

A

Fear of withdrawal
Cravings
Guilt

23
Q

Mental Health effects of drug misuse

A

Self medication
Depression

24
Q

Which is the behaviour cycle that aims to change health behaviours?

A

Prochaska Diclemente cycle of change

25
Q

What are the stage of the Prochaska Diclemente cycle of change?

A

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
(Relapse can happen at any point)

26
Q

What is the Pre-contemplation stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?

A

Person not aware of the health implications of their actions (no desire to change)

27
Q

What is the Contemplation stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?

A

Person recognises issue with their behaviour and starts to think about changing

28
Q

What is the Preparation stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?

A

People prepare themselves to change their behaviour

29
Q

What is the Action stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?

A

Individuals successfully and consistently performing new behaviour

30
Q

What is the Maintenance stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?

A

Occurs when behaviour has been performed for months or longer

31
Q

What are the Psycho-social interventions for drug users?

A

-Health checks
-Screening for blood borne viruses
-Contraception
-Sexual health advice

32
Q

What are the main elements of treatment and care for drug misuse?

A

Substitute prescribing (methadone = an opioid)
Psycho-social counselling (Cognitive Behaviourial Therapy/support groups)
Detoxification
Maintenance medication (stopping overdosing)

33
Q

Which method of treatment has the best evidence for treating drug dependence?

A

Methadone maintenance treatment

34
Q

What are the 2 key elements for treatment?

A

Engagement of Patient
Non-judgemental support workers

Y1 - PASS 1 (14 decks)

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