Everything Session 3 (Lay Beliefs And Long-term Conditions LTCs)

Question 1

What are lay beliefs?

Answer 1

How people with no medical knowledge understand and comprehend health and illness

Complex drawn from many sources (cultural, social, personal knowledge and own biography)

Question 2

What is the term used to describe an individual with no medical knowledge?

Answer 2

Lay person

Question 3

Why may a lay person reject medical information>

Answer 3

The information may be incompatible with competing ideas for which people consider there is good evidence

Question 4

The 3 Perceptions of Health

Answer 4

Negative Definition
Function Definition
Positive Definition

Question 5

What is the Negative Definition of Health?

Answer 5

Health equates to absence of illness

Question 6

What is the Functional definition of Health?

Answer 6

Health is the ability to do certain things

Question 7

What is the positive definition of Health?

Answer 7

Health is a state of wellbeing and fitness

Question 8

What is Lay Epidemiology?

Answer 8

The process by which lay people understand and interpret health risks

Question 9

2 Problems Patients/Lay people have with Lay Epidemiology

Answer 9

-Understanding how and why illness happened
-Why illness happened to a particular person at a particular time (People think that only certain people will develop certain diseases, so like an individual who is a heart attack waiting to happen)

Question 10

What are the 3 Influences of Lay Beliefs on Behaviour?

Answer 10

Health Behaviour
Illness Behaviour
Sick role Behaviour

Question 11

What is Health Behaviour?

Answer 11

An activity undertaken for purpose of maintaining health and preventing disease

Question 12

What is illness behaviour?

Answer 12

The activity of an ill person to define their illness and seek a solution (so if they seek help or not)

Question 13

What is Sick Role behaviour?

Answer 13

Formal response to symptoms, including seeking formal help and action of the person as a patient

Question 14

What influences illness behaviour?

Answer 14

Culture
Lay referral
Visibility of symptoms
Extent to which symptoms disrupt life
Tolerance threshold
Information and understanding
Availability of resources

Question 15

What is lay referral?

Answer 15

The chain of advice seeking which a person will make before they seek help from a healthcare professional

When people consult with each other before seeking professional help

Question 16

Why is understanding principles of Lay referral important?

Answer 16

TO understand why people delay seeking help
Understand how, why and when people consult doctors
To understand how people use health services
Understand use of alternate medications

Question 17

What is adherence?

Answer 17

People complying with treatments

Question 18

What influences somebodies adherence to a treatment?

Answer 18

Persons beliefs about the condition
Persons social circumstances
Persons threat to identify (don’t want their disease to define them)

Lay persons meaning of symptoms, conditions and treatments may differ to HCP

Question 19

What type of illnesses are Long-Term Conditions (LTCs)?

Answer 19

Chronic Illnesses

Question 20

What are Long-Term Conditions defintion?

Answer 20

Profound chronic illness(s) that has an influence on the lives of sufferers

Question 21

What are the 5 ways in which people are described to work to self manage their LTCs in the Sociological Theory of LTCs?

Answer 21

Illness work
Everyday life work
Emotional work
Biographical work
Identity work

Question 22

How do people manage their LTCs using Illness work?
(Sociological Theory of LTCs)

Answer 22

Managing symptoms (dealing with physical manifestations of illness and bodily changes)
Self-management (difficult)

Question 23

How do people manage their LTCs using Everyday Life work?
(Sociological Theory of LTCs)

Answer 23

Managing daily living
Actions and processes involved in managing the condition and its impact
NORMALISATION - Trying to keep pre-illness lifestyle and identity intact or re-designating new life as “old normal life”

Question 24

How do people manage their LTCs using Emotional Work?
(Sociological Theory of LTCs)

Answer 24

Managing ones emotions and others
Down playing pain or other symptoms (Presenting as Cheery self)
Relationships may be disrupted

Question 25

How do people manage their LTCs using Biographical work?
(Sociological Theory of LTCs)

Answer 25

Loss of former self/reconstruction of biography
So self image crumbles away but is not replaced by an equally valued new version of themself

Question 26

How do people manage their LTCs using Identity work?
(Sociological Theory of LTCs)

Answer 26

Work to maintain an acceptable identity
Illness can become a defining aspect of identity
Stigma

Question 27

What is the definition of Stigma?

Answer 27

When a condition, attribute/trait or behaviour is negatively defined which confers a deviant status

Question 28

What are the 4 types of Stigma?

Answer 28

Discreditable stigma
Discredited stigma
Enacted stigma
Felt stigma

Question 29

Discreditable stigma definition

Answer 29

When the condition or trait is not visible, but if people find out you may be treated differently

(HIV and Mental Illness)

Question 30

Discredited stigma defintion

Answer 30

Physically visible characteristics like DISABILITIES

Question 31

Enacted stigma definition

Answer 31

A real experience of prejudice/discrimination

Question 32

Felt stigma definition

Answer 32

It is the fear of ENACTED stigma