Everything Session 3 (Lay Beliefs And Long-term Conditions LTCs) Flashcards
What are lay beliefs?
How people with no medical knowledge understand and comprehend health and illness
Complex drawn from many sources (cultural, social, personal knowledge and own biography)
What is the term used to describe an individual with no medical knowledge?
Lay person
Why may a lay person reject medical information>
The information may be incompatible with competing ideas for which people consider there is good evidence
The 3 Perceptions of Health
Negative Definition
Function Definition
Positive Definition
What is the Negative Definition of Health?
Health equates to absence of illness
What is the Functional definition of Health?
Health is the ability to do certain things
What is the positive definition of Health?
Health is a state of wellbeing and fitness
What is Lay Epidemiology?
The process by which lay people understand and interpret health risks
2 Problems Patients/Lay people have with Lay Epidemiology
-Understanding how and why illness happened
-Why illness happened to a particular person at a particular time (People think that only certain people will develop certain diseases, so like an individual who is a heart attack waiting to happen)
What are the 3 Influences of Lay Beliefs on Behaviour?
Health Behaviour
Illness Behaviour
Sick role Behaviour
What is Health Behaviour?
An activity undertaken for purpose of maintaining health and preventing disease
What is illness behaviour?
The activity of an ill person to define their illness and seek a solution (so if they seek help or not)
What is Sick Role behaviour?
Formal response to symptoms, including seeking formal help and action of the person as a patient
What influences illness behaviour?
Culture
Lay referral
Visibility of symptoms
Extent to which symptoms disrupt life
Tolerance threshold
Information and understanding
Availability of resources
What is lay referral?
The chain of advice seeking which a person will make before they seek help from a healthcare professional
When people consult with each other before seeking professional help
Why is understanding principles of Lay referral important?
TO understand why people delay seeking help
Understand how, why and when people consult doctors
To understand how people use health services
Understand use of alternate medications
What is adherence?
People complying with treatments
What influences somebodies adherence to a treatment?
Persons beliefs about the condition
Persons social circumstances
Persons threat to identify (don’t want their disease to define them)
Lay persons meaning of symptoms, conditions and treatments may differ to HCP
What type of illnesses are Long-Term Conditions (LTCs)?
Chronic Illnesses
What are Long-Term Conditions defintion?
Profound chronic illness(s) that has an influence on the lives of sufferers
What are the 5 ways in which people are described to work to self manage their LTCs in the Sociological Theory of LTCs?
Illness work
Everyday life work
Emotional work
Biographical work
Identity work
How do people manage their LTCs using Illness work?
(Sociological Theory of LTCs)
Managing symptoms (dealing with physical manifestations of illness and bodily changes)
Self-management (difficult)
How do people manage their LTCs using Everyday Life work?
(Sociological Theory of LTCs)
Managing daily living
Actions and processes involved in managing the condition and its impact
NORMALISATION - Trying to keep pre-illness lifestyle and identity intact or re-designating new life as “old normal life”
How do people manage their LTCs using Emotional Work?
(Sociological Theory of LTCs)
Managing ones emotions and others
Down playing pain or other symptoms (Presenting as Cheery self)
Relationships may be disrupted
How do people manage their LTCs using Biographical work?
(Sociological Theory of LTCs)
Loss of former self/reconstruction of biography
So self image crumbles away but is not replaced by an equally valued new version of themself
How do people manage their LTCs using Identity work?
(Sociological Theory of LTCs)
Work to maintain an acceptable identity
Illness can become a defining aspect of identity
Stigma
What is the definition of Stigma?
When a condition, attribute/trait or behaviour is negatively defined which confers a deviant status
What are the 4 types of Stigma?
Discreditable stigma
Discredited stigma
Enacted stigma
Felt stigma
Discreditable stigma definition
When the condition or trait is not visible, but if people find out you may be treated differently
(HIV and Mental Illness)
Discredited stigma defintion
Physically visible characteristics like DISABILITIES
Enacted stigma definition
A real experience of prejudice/discrimination
Felt stigma definition
It is the fear of ENACTED stigma
