Common PASS Questions

Question 1

How much sleep does the average adult in the UK get in a night?

Answer 1

6.5hours

Question 2

What 6 things can be done to help with sleep?

Answer 2

Stop looking at screens about 1hr before bed
Have regular bedtimes
Don’t lie in bed while awake/studying
Avoid caffeine before bed
Don’t exercise before bed
Optimise sleep environment

Question 3

What is the Prochaska Diclemente cycle of change?
(The upward spiral)

Answer 3

A model of behaviour change which assesses and individuals willingness to act on a healthy behaviour change

Question 4

What are the 6 stages of the Prochaska Diclemente cycle of change?

Answer 4

Pre-Contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse

Question 5

Pre-contemplation Stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle

Answer 5

No intention on changing g behaviour

Question 6

Contemplation Stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle

Answer 6

Away problem exists but there has been no commitment to take any action

Question 7

Preparation Stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle

Answer 7

Intent on taking action to address problem

Question 8

Action Stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle

Answer 8

Active modification of the behaviour

Question 9

Maintenance Stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle

Answer 9

Sustained change, new behaviour replaces old

Question 10

Relapse Stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle

Answer 10

Fall back to old patterns of behaviour

Theoretically, every time person goes through cycle, relapse is shorter and less devastating, THE UPWARD SPIRAL

Question 11

The 4 main explanations for Health Inequalities from the “Black Report” in health are

Answer 11

Artefact
Social selection
Behavioural-cultural
Materialist

Question 12

Artefact Explanation of Health INequalities

Answer 12

Health inequalities are evident due to the way statistics are collected

Question 13

Social Selection Explanation of Health Inequalities

Answer 13

Sick individuals move down social hierarchy while healthy individuals move up

Suggesting that Health leads to social position

Question 14

Behavioural-cultural explanation for Health Inequalities

Answer 14

Ill health due to peoples choices/decisions, knowledge and goals

Question 15

Materialistic explanation for Health inequalities

Answer 15

Inequalities arise from differential access to material resources

Question 16

Which explanation for Health inequalities is the most plausible?

Answer 16

Materialistic explanation

Question 17

Disadvantages of using implicit rationing?

Answer 17

-Lead to inequalities/discrimination
-Open to abuse
-Decisions based on pereception of social deserving news
-makes doctors uncomfortable

Question 18

Define Lay referral

Answer 18

Chain of a sick person contacting people for advice prior to or visiting a health care professional

Question 19

What is the inverse care law?

Answer 19

Availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served

Question 20

Difference between equality, equity and justice?

Answer 20

Equality = Everyone treated equally
Equity = Everyone gets the support they need
Justice = Inequity was addressed and changes were made

Question 21

Definition of Health Inequality

Answer 21

Differences between people or groups of people that have been socially constructed and not due to difference in genetics or physiology

Question 22

The 3 Pereceptions of Health

Answer 22

Negative definition - Health = absences of illness

Functional Defintion - Health is ability to do certain things

Positive Definition - Health is a state of wellbeing and fitness