everything about the cerebellum 5.4-5.5

Question 1

where is the cerebellum located

Answer 1

posterior cranial fossa

Question 2

what is the white matter of the cerebellum called

Answer 2

arbor vitae, with folds called folia

Question 3

what is the falx cerebelli

Answer 3

separates the two hermispheres

Question 4

what is the tentorium cerebelli

Answer 4

separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

Question 5

what is the primary fissure of the cerebellum

Answer 5

separates the anterior and posterior lobe

Question 6

what i the postero-lateral fissure

Answer 6

separates the posterior and floculonodular lobe

Question 7

what are the three lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 7

anterior
posterior
flocculonodular

Question 8

what are the four deep nuclei of the cerebellum

Answer 8

Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial

Question 9

what are the 3 cerebellar peduncules

Answer 9

superior
middle
inferior

Question 10

what are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 10

1. molecular layer
2. purkinje layer
3. granule layer

Question 11

what is in the molecular layer 2 key, 4 total

Answer 11

two inhibitory neurons: stellate and basket cells
axons of granule cell
dendrites of purkinje fibres

Question 12

what is in the purkinje layer

Answer 12

purkinje cells

Question 13

what is the granule cell layer

Answer 13

granule cells
a third inhibitory - golgi cell

Question 14

role of the dentate nucleus 2

Answer 14

biggest

receives projections from lateral cerebellum

Question 15

role of emboliform and glibose nucleus

Answer 15

receives projections from intermediate cerebellum

Question 16

role of fastigial nucleus 2

Answer 16

receives input from the vermis and flocculonodular lobe

Question 17

what are the two structures which are the source of synaptic input

Answer 17

mossy fibres
climbing fibres

Question 18

role of mossy fibres 5 steps

Answer 18

ascend through cerebellar and synapse on granule cells

granule cells go to molecular layer and bifurcate becoming parallel fibres

each parallel fibre innervates multiple purkinje fibres

purkinje cell axons then carry inhbibitory output to cerebellar nuclei

then taken to the cerebrum

Question 19

role of climbing fibres 4

Answer 19

arise from contralateral olivary nucleus

wrap around purkinje cells in 1:1 ratio forming exictatory ynapses

decrease purkinje cells respne to inputs from parallel fibres

therefore, modulate purkinje cell activity

Question 20

function of basket and stellate cells 2

Answer 20

inhibit adjacent purkinje cells through lateral inhibition

narrows spatial extent of excitatory inputs to purkinje cells

Question 21

function of golgi cells 2

Answer 21

provide feedback inhibition to granule cells

shorten the time duration of excitatory inputs to granule cells

Question 22

cerebellar input

Answer 22

receive information from the cerebrum via the inferior, middle and superior cerebellar peduncles

mossy and climbing fibres receive these stimuli and travel to the cerebellar cortex to activate pathways

Question 23

function of the anterior lobe 2

Answer 23

regulation of muscle tone

coordination of voluntary movements

Question 24

function of posterior lobe 2

Answer 24

intergration of sensory input and coordination of fine motoe movements

Question 25

flocculonodular lobe function 3

Answer 25

balance control spatial orientation eye movement

Question 26

cerebellar output pathway for motor planning 5

Answer 26

lateral cerebellar hemisphere dentate nucleus superior cerebellar peduncle VL of thalamus cortex projections

Question 26

cerebellar output pathway for movement of the extremities 5

Answer 26

intermediate cerebellar hemisphere emboliform +globose nuclei superior cerebellar peduncle VL of thalamus and red nucleus Cortical projections and lateral corticospinal tract

Question 27

cerebellar ouput pathway for proximal trunk and vestibulo-ocular control 4

Answer 27

vermis and flocculonodular lobe vestibular and fastigial nucleus superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles cortex

Question 28

functional divisions of the cerebellum 3

Answer 28

vestibulocerebellum spinocerebellum cerebrocerebellum

Question 29

functional divisions and their associated hemisphere

Answer 29

vestibulocerebellum = flocculonodular lobe cerebrocerebellum = posterior lobe spinocerebellum = anterior, vermis and posterior lobe

Question 30

impairment to vestibulocerebellum results in 2

Answer 30

difficulty maintaining balance coordinating movements

Question 31

impairment to cerebrocerebellum results in

Answer 31

delay in initiating movement

Question 32

impairement in spinocerebellum results in 2

Answer 32

decreased accuracy in actions poorly coordinated movement

Question 33

lateral vs medial lesions in the cerebellum

Answer 33

lateral lesions affect distal limb coordination medial lesion affect trunk, posture, gait and balance

Question 34

truncal ataxia 2

Answer 34

midline lesion of vermis/flocculonodular lobe wide unsteady drunken gate

Question 35

appendicular ataxia

Answer 35

lesions lateral to vermis

Question 36

dysdiadochockinesia

Answer 36

inability to perform rapid alternating movements

Question 37

what lesion results in dysdiadochockinesia

Answer 37

vermis

Question 38

nystagmus lesion location

Answer 38

vestibulocerebellum

Question 39

intention tremor

Answer 39

tremour during movement

Question 40

lesion localisation of intention tremour

Answer 40

cerebellar hemisphere

Question 41

hypotonia

Answer 41

reduced muscle tone

Question 42

astasia

Answer 42

inability to walk due to lack of coordination of joints

Question 43

abasia

Answer 43

inability to stand due to inability to stand upright against gravity