Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

M2A > 1.1-1.6 (exception 1.5) neuro anatomy > Flashcards

1.1-1.6 (exception 1.5) neuro anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

components of diencephalon 5

A

thalamus
subthalamu
hypothalamus
epithalamus
third ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

horns of spinal cord contain

A

cell bodies of motor and interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pons function 2

A

incr arousal and readiness

connects to cerebellar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a key source of serotonin

A

raphe nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

key source of noradrenaline

A

locus coeruleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

three major divisions of the midbrain 3

A

tectum
tegmentum
crus cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what two key structures are in the tectum of midbrain

A

inferior and superior colliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what two structures seperate the tectum and tegmentum

A

cerebral aqueduct
periaqueductal grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what sepearates the tegmentum and crus cerebri

A

substantia nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is in caudal midbrain (further from nostril, go through layers and componnets of midbrain) 8

A

inferior colliculus
periaqueductal grey matter
cerebral aquduct
tegmentum
superior cerebellar peduncle
substantia nigra
crus cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is in the rostril midbrain (closest to nostril, go through layers and components of midbrain) 6

A

superior colliculi
periaqueductal grey matter
cerebral aeuqduct
tegmentum
substantia nigra
crus cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what surrounds the thalamus think : kateral border, dorsal border, anterolateral border

A

lateral border = internal capsule
anterolateral = caudate nucleus
dorsal = lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the thalamus anatomically divided into 5 key groups

A

5 key groups:

anterior nuclear group

medial nuclear group

lateral nuclear group

midline thalamic group

intralaminar nuclear group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which 2 nuclei from the thalamus involved in motor

A

ventral anterior and ventral lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

key functions of the hypothalamus 4

A

Drive states: sexual, hunger, thirst
Endocrine
Autonomic function: homeostasis
Limbic functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does the hypothalamus receive information about homeostasis?

A

circumventricular organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are circumventricular organs

A

sites at the BB where permeable to chemosensory information crossing

surrounds hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anatomical boundaries of the hypothalamus: anterior, superior, posterior, inferior

A

anterior: lamina terminalis

superior: hypothalamic sulcus

posterior: imaginary

inferior: tuber cinereum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what structures are included in the limbic system 4

A

hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

basal forebrain

A

source of acetylcholine for the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

components of the frontal lobe 5

A
  • prefrontal cortex
  • frontal eye fields
  • premotor cortex
  • supplementary motor area
  • primary motor cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is role of prefrontal cortex 3

A

personality, planning, social behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

function of premotor cortex

A

planning and coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

supplementary motor area function

A

coordinating both sides of the body during bimanual movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
two key regions of parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex somatosensory association area
26
functions of association somatosensory areas
receives input from primary somatosensory cortex and occipital lobe
27
key regions of temporal lobe 5
primary auditory cortex secondary auditory cotrex association auditory areea wernicke's area fusiform gyrus
28
combined function of secondary auditory cortex and auditory association cortex
interpreting sound using visual input
29
feature of primary auditory cortex
tonotopically organised to respond to certain frequencies
30
structures of the ventral temporal lobe 3
fusiform gyrus parahippocampal gyrus inferior temporal gyrus
31
key regions of occipital lobe 3
primary visual cortex secondary visual cortex association visual areas
32
role of secondary visual cortex
respond to stimuli visual field
33
association visual areas 2
assess movement and features of stimuli
34
two divisions of the primary visual cortex
upper calcarine fissure = cuneus, inferior visual field lower calcarine fissure = linguala, superior visual field
35
which part of the brain does the lateral ventrical associate with
telencephalon
36
which part of the brain does the third ventrical associate with
diencephalon
37
which part of the brain does the fourth ventrical associate with 2
metencephalon and myelencephalon
38
which part of the brain does the cerebral aqueduct associate with
mesencephalon
39
where is choroid plexus found 4
inferior horn of lateral ventricles interventricular foramen third ventricle fourth venrticle
40
from the fourth ventricle what structure does CSF pass through to get to the rest of the brain 2
lateral + medial apertures
41
cisterns
cavities filled with csf, formed within the subarachnoid space think example, lumbar cistern where we take lumbar punctures
42
what key organelles are abundant in the cell body 3
mitchondria gogli apparatus rER
43
cytoskeleton of neurons contains 3
microtubules microfilaments neurofilaments
44
what increases conduction speed 2
myelin axon diameter
45
kinesin transporter direction?
anterograde towards axon terminal
46
dynein transporter direction
retrograde towards cell body
47
order of strength; microtubules, microfilaments, neurofilaments
neurofilaments> microfilaments> microtubules
48
structure of BBB 5
endothelium with tight junctions basement membrane pericytes astrocytes with podocytes
49
four key transport mechanisms across BBB
1. diffusion 2. carrier mediated transport 3. receptor mediated transport 4. ABC transporters
50
diffusion BBB transport examples and characteristics 5
gases, lipid soluable, psychoactive substances (alcohol caffein, nicotine etc) high lipophilicty
51
carrier mediated BBB transport examples
specific receptors and transport channels ex. glucose, peptides, aa's, short chain fatty acids
52
process of carrier mediated transport 5
1.bind 2. confirmational change 3. entry into endosome, 4. bind to transporter on luminal membrane 5. enter brain parenchyma
53
3 key characteristics of carrier mediated transport
saturation specificity competition
54
receptor mediated BB transport used for...
macromolecules such as insulin and other hormones
55
ABC transporters 3
use energy to transport solutes across membrane tranport substances from brain to external environment used in drug removal
56
why does the BBB impeded delivery of drugs 4
lack of permeability specificity enzymes which breakdown drugs ABC transporters pump drugs out
57
astrocyte functions 4
structural - bbb energy homeostatic astrogliosis
58
astrocyte specific two energy functions
take up glucose form blood convert glycogen to lactate as alternative energy source
59
astrocytes homeostatic functions 3
allow water flow clear NTs control ion concentrations
60
astrogliosis 3
formation of glial scar after injury. good in that protects healthy tissue, bad in that prvenets healing and new connection formation
61
satelite cells 4
in pns supply neurons protective structural support
62
the two states of microglia
ramified state = resting amoeboid state = activated
63
what are characteristcis of the ameboid state of microglia 4
retracted processes increased cell body size increased motility become phagocytic
64
what other function in neurodevelopment do microglia have
synaptic pruning and debris removal
65
bad role of microglia
when activated, and phagocytic becoe antigen presenting releasing cytokines to attract astrocytes causes inflammation whcih is associated with neurodegeneration
66
characteristics of ependymal cells 3
simple columnar w cilia and microvilli
67
types of dopamine projections 4
nigrostriatal mesolimbic mesocortical tuberofundibular
68
what is the use of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway
motor movement
69
what is the use of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway 2
emotion, motivation
70
what is the use of mesocortical dopamine pathway
executive function
71
what is the use of the tuberofundibular dopamine pathway
prolactin production

M2A (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions