5.2 Parkinsons

Question 1

motor symptoms of parkinsons 5

Answer 1

bradykinesia
resting tremour
gait change (shuffling)
rigidity
akinesia

Question 2

non motor symptoms of parkinsons 5sets

Answer 2

Personality: depression, apathy
cognition: memory loss, dementia
Sensory: restless legs syndrom, pain/tingling in extremities
autonomic: constipation, hypotension, bladder problems
sleep problems: REM sleep disorder, excesive daytime sleepiness, fatigue

Question 3

pathology of parkinsons

Answer 3

loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.

Leads to reduced activity in direct pathway

glutamate activity in indirect pathway results in overactivity which causes inhibition of thalamus resultign in less movement.

Question 4

why are tremors caused? 2

Answer 4

the excessive over inhibition of the thalamus causes it to develop its own firing pattern.

This is modulated by the cerebello-thalamic-cortical network

Question 5

diagnosis of parkinsons

Answer 5

clinical symptoms: at least either resting tremour or bradykinesia must be present
affect to levodopa
ruling out other causes

Question 6

etiology 2

Answer 6

idiopathic
there is an environmental and genetic interplay

Question 7

environmental factors associated with parkinsons 3

Answer 7

pesticide exposure
brain trauma incl concussions
certain viruses

Question 8

scoring test for disease progession

Answer 8

unified parkinson’s diseae rating scale

Question 9

scoring test for disease severity

Answer 9

Hoehn and Yahr

Question 10

promodal symptoms

Answer 10

constipation
hyposmia
depression
rem sleep tisorder

Question 11

anatomically, what has happened in the brain since motor symptoms of PD developed

Answer 11

60% of dopaminergic neurons lost