Evaluation of Causes of Stroke and Their Treatment

Question 1

What exams are important to determine and correct the cause of stroke

Answer 1

Echocardiogram:
EKG or Holter monitor
Carotid duplex ultrasound:

Question 2

Carotid angioplasty and stenting are

Answer 2

of no proven value for stroke patients. It is always a wrong answer.

Question 3

Definitely operate (do an ____) with more than __% Carotid stenosis and do not operate with less than __% stenosis

If the stenosis is 100%, ___

Answer 3

Endarterectomy
70
50

NO intervention is needed.

Question 4

an Echocardiogram woulf be usefull to Dx

Answer 4

certain damaged valves
Thrombi:
Patent foramen ovale (PFO)

Question 5

what to do if Valve disease Dx on Echo

Answer 5

Surgical replacement or repair

Question 6

what to do if Thrombi Dx on Echo

Answer 6

heparin followed by warfarin to an INR of 2 to 3. NOACs are alternative medications.

Question 7

Atrial fibrillation or flutter is treated with a ____ as long
as the arrhythmia persists. Stroke or TIA means a CHADS-VASc score of at
least _.

Answer 7

NOAC (or warfarin)

2

Question 8

when to do a Holter monitor 24-48h

Answer 8

If the initial EKG is

normal,

Question 9

When to perform a Closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO):

Answer 9

Right-to-left shunt detected by bubble study
Patients age ≤60
There is an embolic-appearing cryptogenic ischemic stroke

Question 10

cryptogenic ischemic stroke means:

Answer 10

Embolic strokes of un- determined source