Eukaryotic Transport and The Endosymbiotic Theory Flashcards
What is endocytosis?
The intake of matter through invaginations in the plasma membrane or the formation of vesicles or vacuoles.
What is receptor mediated endocytosis?
Ligands bind to cell surface receptors on the plasma membrane. When bound, a coated vesicle forms to take the ligands into the cell. This type of transport is how a lot of viruses get into human cells.
What is phagocytosis?
The process of engulfing large particles through invaginations in the plasma membrane. Particles are enclosed in an invagination that pinches off from the membrane to form a vacuole surrounding the particle.
What is pinocytosis?
Invaginations of the cell membrane take up dissolved materials, smaller particles, and liquids inside the cell through small vesicles.
What is exocytosis?
It is a process where secretory vesicles go to the plasma membrane from inside the cell and fuse with it to release the contents out of the cell.
Describe the endosymbiotic theory pertaining to mitochondria and chloroplasts as proposed by Lynn Margulis.
It is the theory of how chloroplasts and mitochondria came to be. It describes that an early eukaryote consumed an aerobic bacterium that survived and reproduced inside of it. After a period of time, the aerobic bacterium lost genes and its ability to survive on its own and became the organelle mitochondria. Similarly, the early eukaryote engulfed a second photosynthetic bacterium that survived and reproduced inside of it. This second bacterium was a relative of cyanobacteria. However, like the aerobic bacterium, the photosynthetic bacteria lost genes and became the organelle, chloroplast.
