Eukaryotic Transcription

Question 1

promoter proximal sequences

Answer 1

sequences found 200 bp upsteam of the TATA box. Usually participate positively in assembling general transcription apparatus

Question 2

enhancers

Answer 2

distance: up to 50 kb up or down stream often in introns
role (crude):enhance expression of genes
role: determine when are where genes are exp

Question 3

regulatory factors

Answer 3

target: enhancers
role: signal activation or repression of a gene

Question 4

eve2

Answer 4

what is: an enhancer
what struct: activator/ repressor binding sites
sig: example of regulatory factors at work (Bicoid, Krupple, Giant, Hunchback)

Question 5

Bicoid

Answer 5

activator of the eve2 stripe enhancer

Question 6

Hunchback

Answer 6

activator of the eve2 stripe enhancer

Question 7

Krupple

Answer 7

represor of the eve2 stripe enhancer

Question 8

Giant

Answer 8

repressor of the eve2 stripe enhancer

Question 9

mediator

Answer 9

mechanism of eukaryotic regulation: a large, multi-subunit complex that works directly on the general transcription factors and RNA pol II to control the assembly and activity of the pre-initiation complex.

Question 10

histone modifying factor

Answer 10

mechanism of eukaryotic regulation: chromatin structure

Question 11

HDACs

Answer 11

deacetylates histones, disfavors transcription

Question 12

Histone acetyl transferases

Answer 12

adds aceyl carbonyl groups to H3 and H4.

1. loosens nucleosome
2. attracts other modification proteins

Question 13

ATP-dependent chromatine remodeling complexes

Answer 13

role: disassemble the nucleosome around a promoter
Ex.s: SWI/SNF or RSC
how: recruited by marked histones or regulatory proteins

Question 14

cis acting element

Answer 14

the activity is restricted to chromosome on which they are

Question 15

insulator

Answer 15

what: sequence between genes on same chrom.
role: to keep one enhancer from affecting other genes

Question 16

looping allows ____ between _____

Answer 16

communication between enhancers and promoters

Question 17

poly(A) polymerase

Answer 17

what: a nuclear enzyme
role: adds a poly A tail to the 3’ end of a transcript

Question 18

splice donor site

Answer 18

5’ phosphate

Question 19

splice acceptor site

Answer 19

3’ hydroyxl end

Question 20

branch point

Answer 20

what: an adenine in the intron of a splice pathway
role: formation of an intron lariat

Question 21

5’-5’ linkage

Answer 21

found on the 5’ phophate end of a mRNA molecule, often attached during synthesis

Question 22

general transcription factors

Answer 22

what: eukaryotic counter parts to the sigma subunit in bacteria
role: recognize and unwind the protein at the right sequence

Question 23

RNA poly I

Answer 23

ribosomal RNA (28S, 18S, 5.8S)

Question 24

RNA pol III

Answer 24

tRNA, 5S Rna, and snRNA

Question 25

RNA Poly II

Answer 25

pre-mRNA

Question 26

mtRNA

Answer 26

mtDNA transcription