Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
What does the Nucleus contain?
Coded genetic information.
What controls the metabolic activities of a eukaryotic cell?
The DNA
What are enzymes made of?
Proteins
What does a nuclear envelope protect and what from?
The DNA from the cytoplasm
What are histones?
Proteins that form complex chromatids which develop into chromosomes.
Where is the nucleolus located?
Inside the nucleus.
What is the function of a nucleolus?
To produce ribosomes
What is the nucleolus composed of?
Proteins and RNA
What are the four components that make up a mitochondria?
Inner Membrane
Outer Membrane
Cristae
Matrix
What is the function of a mitochondrion?
To produce ATP
The site of Aerobic Respiration
Where, in the mitochondrion, are enzymes contained?
The Matrix
What is the purpose of a vesicle?
To tranport material inside a cell.
What is a lysosome?
A specialised form of vesicle that is responsible for breaking down waste material in cells. They also play a big part in the immune system because they break down pathogens in phagocytosis.
What does a lysosome contain?
Digestive Enzymes
What is a cytoskeleton?
Network of fibres which adapts to the shape and stability of a cell.
What are the three components of the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate Fibres
In the Cytoskeleton, what is a microfilament?
Contractile fibres (made from the protein actin). Responsible for the cell movement during the process of cytokinesis.
In the Cytoskeleton, what is an intermediate fibre?
They give mechanical strength to the organelles.
In the Cytoskeleton, what is a microtubule?
Globular tubulin proteins polymerise to maintain a healthy shape for the cell.
What is the difference between Rough ER and Smooth ER?
Smooth ER is responsible for lipid and carbohydrate production and storage.
Rough ER is responsible for the synthesis and transport of proteins and also has ribosomes on surrounding it’s edges.
What are the sites of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes.
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
To package proteins into vesicles.
What is a centriole?
Composed of microtubules, when two come together they create a centrosome which is involved with the spindles’ organisation during cell division.
