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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which organelle is the sight of translation?

A

Ribosomes

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2
Q

What is the main function of the mitochondrion?

A

Aerobic Respiration and production of ATP

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3
Q

Which organelle produced the spindle fibres during mitosis?

A

Centriole

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4
Q

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids in the cell?

A

Smooth ER

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5
Q

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?

A

Lysosomes

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6
Q

What is the main function of the nucleus?

A

Production of Ribosomal RNA

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7
Q

Which organelle is made of stacks of membranes and covered in ribosomes?

A

Rough ER

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8
Q

Which organelle packages proteins for export from the cell by exocytosis

A

Golgi apparatus

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9
Q

Which organelle contains chromatin?

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Which organelle is the site of respiration in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Mesosome

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11
Q

Prokaryotes contain which type of ribosome?

A

70S

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12
Q

What substance forms the cell wall of prokaryotes?

A

Peptidoglycan

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13
Q

Which term means ‘before the nucleus’?

A

Prokaryotic

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14
Q

Which type of ribosome do eukaryotes contain in their cytoplasm?

A

80S

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15
Q

How many membranes surround the nucleus?

A

Two

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16
Q

Which organelle in animal cells, other than the nucleus, also contains DNA?

A

Mitochondrion

17
Q

Which organelle is never found in prokaryotes or animal cells?

A

Chloroplasts

18
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Control of transport into and out of the cell.

19
Q

Which structures increase the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Cristae

20
Q

Which process describes how proteins are exported from cells?

A

Exocytosis

21
Q

What substance is the plant cell wall made of?

A

Cellulose

22
Q

Which structure in some animal cells increase the surface area of the cell membrane?

A

Microvilli

23
Q

Which pigment makes chloroplasts green?

A

Chlorophyll

24
Q

Which term means ‘true nucleus’?

A

Eukaryotic

25
Q

What organelle regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, and also has receptor molecules which allow it to respond to chemical like hormones?

A

Plasma Membrane

26
Q

What moves substance along the cell surface?

A

Cillia

27
Q

What is the name of the organelle that hold the organelles in place?

A

Cytoskeleton

28
Q

Which organelle is involved with the separation of chromosomes in cell division?

A

Centriole

29
Q

What do all cells in plants and animals begin as?

A

Undifferentiated Cells

30
Q

What are “Stem Cells”?

A

Cells that are not adapted to any particular function. Unspecialised cells.

31
Q

When Stem Cells are unable to specialise, what phase have they entered of the cell cycle?

A

G0 Phase (G zero)

32
Q

Referring to Stem Cells, what does “potency” mean?

A

The Stem Cell’s ability to differentiate into different types of cells.

33
Q

What does “Totipotent” mean? Give examples.

A

Where a Stem Cell is destined to create an organism.

Eg: Zygote, a fertilised egg.

34
Q

What does “Pluripotent” mean? Give examples.

A

Where a Stem Cell can form all tissue types but not full organisms.
Eg: Embryo

35
Q

What does “Multipotent” mean? Give examples.

A

Where Stem Cells can only form a range of cells within a certain type of tissue.
Eg: Haemopoetic cells

36
Q

What is the scientific name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

37
Q

What is the scientific name for white blood cells?

A

Neutrophils

38
Q

Where do all the blood cells derive from?

A

The stem cells in the bone marrow.

Biology (12 decks)

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