EU tension in the late 19th century (1900-1914) PPT

Question 1

What was the immediate cause of WWI?

Answer 1

The Sarajevo incident
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife were shot dead in Sarajevo the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Question 2

Germany before WW1

Answer 2

second strongest in EU
weaker than Britain but stronger than the rest
stronger after unification
Prussia unified the other 38 German state by 1871

Question 3

Why did Germany become stronger after unification?

Answer 3

1. more land
2. more resources to develop herself -> a stronger country
   (acquired Alsace and Lorraine from France after the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-71)

Question 4

What did Germany do after her unification?

Answer 4

1.Develop her navy
2. conquering colonies
3. protecting colonies and trade routes
4. gain national glory

The development of navy was sign of strength :
1. had the wealth to produce warships + technology to produce warships
2. extreme nationalism -> people in Europe always wanted their countries to be strong and be respected

Question 5

Pan-Germanism

Answer 5

proposed the idea of a ‘place in the sun’.
-> advocated for building a German Empire under leadership of the Germans
ambition aroused hostility from other European powers -> led to armaments race with Britain.

Question 6

background for Naval Race (Britain vs Germany)

Answer 6

William II adopted his ‘world policy’ -> proposed that Germany should build a colonial empire
1. carried out conscription -> strengthen its naval + military strength
2. sped up industrial development in Germany

German naval expansion -> concern within Britain
thought German navy -> challenge Britain’s Empire + try to take over British colonies

Britain further build up her navy -» naval race

Question 7

Why Britain wanted a strong navy

Answer 7

conquer colonies
island vulnerable to attack -> defend self

Question 8

Britain vs Germany naval race

Answer 8

The rank of the German fleet: seventh in the world -> second biggest fleet -> challenge British naval supremacy
To preserve own naval supremacy
Britain adopted a 2:1 naval ratio -> Britain’s number of dreadnoughts would always be twice as that of Germany.

Question 9

effects of naval rivalry

Answer 9

Germany -> build up her own navy in 1898 -> Britain believe they were trying to challenge her and her colonies

-> partly responsible for Britain entering into agreements with France and Russia ( Triple Entente )

Question 10

Britain vs Germany

Answer 10

The naval and economic expansions of Germany caused fear and suspicion -> Britain abandoned splendid isolation policy. (policy where Britain was not involved in European affairs)
She did not form alliances with any European countries

-> Britain formed alliances with France and Russia -> the Triple Entente

Question 11

why did Britain join the Triple Entente?

Answer 11

naval and economic expansions of Germany caused fear and suspicion

Question 12

underlying causes of WW1

Answer 12

1. militarism
2. alliance system
3. imperialism
4. nationalism

Question 13

why did countries engage in militarism

Answer 13

politically:
1. more powerful
2. influential
3. respected

economically:
1. raw materials
2. labour
3. dump goods

military:
1. stronger army and navy
2. more soldiers in conscription

-> rivalry, fear, anxiety

Question 14

trend of military expenditure of the EU powers

Answer 14

1, vast quantities of offensive and defensive weaponry
1870-1914 military budget for Brit France Ger A-H Russia Italy more than quadrupled

growth did not happen secretively or in isolation
-> aware of growing military power of neighbours and responded by growing own armies

Question 15

Why did Kaiser William II build a colonial empire?

Answer 15

wanted germany to be great and powerful
nationalism
wanted to have raw materials, cheap labours from colonies and dump outdated products

carried out conscription to strengthen naval and military strength + sped up industrial development in `Germany

Question 16

Why did Kaiser William II increase german naval and military strength

Answer 16

1. defeat natives and governments of African and Asian Governments
2. conquer countries
3. remove rulers + become german colonies

Question 17

why did he speed up industrial development in germany

Answer 17

produce steel to make weapons and warship to fight

Question 18

Why was militarism important in causing WW1?

Answer 18

1. armaments race created war fever in some countries (EG germany)
2. Heightened international tension
   Europeans believed that they had a strong army -> speedily defeat their enemies -> more ready to fight to solve problems -< war was more likely

Question 19

Britain vs Germany

Answer 19

1. Pan-Germanism -> Germany wanted to be strong and powerful (nationalism)
2. Germany wanted to have colonial empire (imperialism)
3. Naval race between them (militarism)
4. Britain feared and abandoned splendid isolation policy -> triple entente (france and russia alliance)

Question 20

France vs Germany

Answer 20

1. French revenge movement (nationalism)
2. Bismarck created alliances to isolate France (alliances)
3. colonial rivalry over Morocco (imperialism)

Franco-Prussian war (1870-1871)
France was defeated by Prussia by 1871
-> treaty of frankfurt

She lost Alsace and Lorraine to Germany. It hurt her
national pride because the French in the Alsace-Lorraine
were under foreign rule.

Out of nationalism, most people in France wanted to have
revenge on Germany and reclaim Alsace-Lorraine.

Question 21

extreme nationalism..

Answer 21

1. promoted absolute loyalty to the states
2. advocated foreign expansion
   -» boost national glory.