Attempts at making peace at the beginning of the 20th century

Question 1

Attempts to limit armaments

Answer 1

The Second Hague Conference 1907

Question 2

First -> Second Hague Conference

Answer 2

1907
hidden danger of armaments race -> clear to europeans

First Hague Conference
1899 -> great number of nations met at the Hague (city in Netherlands) -> first international disarmament conference
aim -> stop armaments race
mutual suspicion + distrust -> none of powers willing to disarm -> could not agree on how to reduce arms

Germany vs Britain naval rivalry
1977 -> suggested by American President Theodore Roosevelt
attended by 44 nations -> all wanted to limit development of armaments among EU powers

Question 3

Effectiveness and Significance of Second Hague Conference

Answer 3

failed to limit armaments race
nations asked one another to disarm because of mutual suspicion -> all powers unable to agree on reducing arms
only promised war -> fight humanely and fairly
failure to disarm -> international disputes much more likely to be settled by war

Question 4

Attempts to resolved pre-war crises

Answer 4

Conference of Algeciras (1906) (first moroccan crisis)
Treaty of London and Treaty of Bucharest (1913)

Question 5

Conference of Algeciras year

Answer 5

1906

Question 6

Conference of Algeciras

Answer 6

After first moroccan crisis (1905)
German kaiser suggested EU conference to settle dispute
1906 -> 12 states sent representatives to Algeciras in Spain

Question 7

Effectiveness and Significance of Conference of Algeciras

Answer 7

Morocco Crisis
most nations supported France -> Germany back down
war prevented -> Bismarck’s feared “nightmare of coalitions” happened
Britain support France -> strengthen agreement between Britain and France -> hold military talks
Franco-German relations deteriorated -> German Kaiser wanted revenge on France
Anglo-Russian (Britain and Russia) relations improved through mutual support of france -> triple entente

Question 8

Treaty of London and Treaty of Bucharest year

Answer 8

1913

Question 9

Treaty of London and Treaty of Bucharest

Answer 9

2 balkan wars -> 1912-1913
first balkan war -> treaty of london
settling of new boarders in Balkans is difficult -> victors quarrel between themselves over land -> Second Balkan War
Bulgaria defeated -> Treaty of Bucharest

Question 10

A-H vs Serbia after the end of balkan wars

Answer 10

end of balkan wars
A-H perspective
1. A-H viewed a strong Serbia as an obstacle to expansion in the Balkans
2. Slavs in A-H attracted to Serbia
A-H wanted to CRUSH serbia

Serbia perspective
enlarged after wars -> determined to build a large slav state -> encouraged slav people in A-H to seek independence

Austrian-Serbian conflict horrible -> Russia support Serbia -> A-H VS SERBIA
triple entente vs triple alliance