Ethnicty and achievement- external

Question 1

Term: ethnicity

Answer 1

Shared cultural traditions and history which are distinct from other groups

Question 2

What ethnic group is the highest achieveing

Answer 2

Chinese and Indian pupils

Question 3

What ethnic group is lowest achieveing

Answer 3

Black Caribbean, Pakistan, Bangladeshi

Question 4

Stats for black carribean

Answer 4

• overrepresented in special schools.
• more likely be excluded

Question 5

Stats for minority ethnic students

Answer 5

• overrepresented in lower streams
• more likely leave school without any qualifications
• likely follow vocational courses

Question 6

External factors

Answer 6

1. Language and linguistic skills
2. Family structure and family support
3. Cultural attitudes and values
4. Material deprivation
5. Racism in wider society

Question 7

How can cultural deprivation affect achievement ?

Answer 7

Language can be barrier for children in immigrant fams when first arrive to UK.
Many black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences= poorly equipped for school

Question 8

Language and Linguistic: Bereiter and Engleman

Answer 8

Langauge spoken by low income, black American families is inadequate for educational success. Concern is children who do not speak English at home may be held back

Question 9

Evaluation of Language and Lingistic Skills

Answer 9

Gilborn and Mirza- Indian pupils do not speak English at home- highest performing
- problems understanding ora y and written tasks and hw
- limited parental support at home if don’t speak English
- limited parental contact with teachers
- negative labelling with white British teachers due to stereotypes
- The Swann Report- language differences had little impact on achievement. Students catch up as their education progresses
- Driver and Ballard- Asian children whose first language not English were as good as classmates at 16

Question 10

Family structure and parental support: Moynihan

Answer 10

Many black families headed by lone mothers, family deprived of adquqate care bc no male breadwinner leads to material deprivation. Boys lack adequate role model of male achievement in a father. Children go to fail at school and become inaquate parents themselves

Question 11

Moynihan and Murray criticised

Answer 11

Driver.
Says they ignore positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. Ndependce of African- carribean women mean girls get positive role model

Question 12

What does the Hidden Tigers article suggest

Answer 12

The biggest contributing factor to Chinese success in the Uk is parental expectations.
Other factors explaining educational differences were qualifiying for FSM and valuing education highly

Question 13

Family structure and parental support: Driver and Ballard

Answer 13

Asian families have much more ‘pro-school’ atttiudes than black families. Asian families rarely lone parents meaning offer bigger support network for children

Question 14

Family structure and parental support: Lupton

Answer 14

Suggests discipline found within ‘adult authoritarian’ Asian families matches that found in schools

Question 15

Family structure and parental support: Archer and Francis

Answer 15

Chinese parents see education as hugely important which seems to create a desire for achievement in Chinese families

Question 16

Achievement in white working class families

Answer 16

Often underachieve and have low aspirations

Question 17

Lupton: white working class

Answer 17

Ethnicity minority families more likely see education as a way up in society

Question 18

What is cultural attitudes and values

Answer 18

Argues lack of positive black role models in society to inspire boys to want to do well

Question 19

Cultural attitudes and values: Arnot

Answer 19

Suggests media created negative anti school role model for black pupils in particular which he describes as the ultra-tough ghetto superstar reinforced through rap lyrics

Question 20

Cultural attitudes and values: Sewell

Answer 20

Argues that absence of retstraining influence of a nurturing father, many black boys turn to street gangs that offer perverse loyalty and love

Question 21

Cultural attitudes and values evaluation

Answer 21

Gilborn- not peer pressure/ lack of role models but institutional racism

Question 22

Term: material deprivation

Answer 22

Refers to lack of physical necessities resulting in things such as low income

Question 23

Material deprivation in ethnic minorities

Answer 23

• more likely face material dep problems
• over half live on low income housing
• almost half Bangladeshi and Pakistani workers earn under £7 an hour
• X3 more likely be homeless
• X2 mas likely to be unemployed compared to whites

Question 24

Why are ethnic minorities more likely to be materially deprived?

Answer 24

• many live in economically deprived areas with high unemployment wages
• cultural factors preventing women to work
• radical discrimination in labour and job market
• lack of language skills which UK employers don’t recognise

Question 25

Racism in wider society: Rex

Answer 25

Racial discrimination can lead to social exclusions and result in increased poverty for ethnic minority group

Question 26

Racism in wider society: Wood

Answer 26

Sent out 3 closely matched job applications to 100 job vacancies. 1 app from white. 2 from ethnic minority. 1/16 ethnic minority applications received an interview compared with 1/9 ‘white’ appilcations.
Impacts achievement- parents find hard to get job=more likely be materially deprived and not have cultual capital

Question 27

Evaluation for family structure and parental support

Answer 27

• vincient et al
• wright, standen and Patel
• moon and ivens
• modood

Question 28

Modood

Answer 28

Parental aspiration, support and encouragement important factor in explaining why ethnic minority students more likely go to higher ed than white.

Question 29

Moon and ivens

Answer 29

See education as parents responsibility- rather than education as schools responsibility
- parental involvement in children’s ed greater in minority ethnic groups than pop as whole