Ethnicity - Internal Factors - Critical Race Theory

Question 1

What is the Critical Race Theory?

Answer 1

The critical race theory sees racism as an ingrained feature of society.
Meaning that it involves not just the intentional actions of individuals but, institutional racism.

Question 2

Who are Carmichael and Hamilton?

Answer 2

Carmichael and Hamilton (1967) were the two founders of the Black Panther Party in the USA.

Question 3

What did Carmichael and Hamilton say that institutional racism is?

Answer 3

Carmichael and Hamilton said that instituional racism is:
‘less overt, more subtle, less identifiable in terms of specific individuals commiting the acts…It originates in the operation of established and respected forces in society’.

Question 4

What is locked-in inequality?

Answer 4

Locked-in equality refers to when the scale of historical discrimination is so large that there no longer needs to be any conscious intent to discriminate - the inquality becomes self-perpetuating (it feeds on itself).

Question 5

What critical race theorist suported that institutional racism is a ‘locked-in inequality’.

Answer 5

The critical race theorist Roithmayr (2003) supported that institutional racism is a locked-in inequality.

Question 6

How does Gilborn apply the concept of locked-in equality to education?

Answer 6

Gillborn (2008) sees ethnic inequality as “so deep rooted and so large that it is a practically inevitable feature of the education system”.