ethnicity

Question 1

ethnicity intro

Answer 1

• whites and Asians on average do better than blacks
• significant variations between Asians eg Indians do better than Pakistanis and Bangladeshis
• within each ethnic groups middle class children do better than working class children

Question 2

what are the three external factors regarding ethnicty and achievement in education

Answer 2

1. CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
2. MATERIAL DEPRIVATION AND CLASS
3. RACISM IN WIDER SOCIETY

Question 3

INTELLECTUAL AND LINGUISTIC SKILLS

Answer 3

external factor: CULTURAL DEPRIVATION:
cultural deprivation theorists argue:
- major cause of underachievement
- children from low income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences
RESULT: poorly equipped for school as they haven’t developed reasoning and problem solving skills

Question 4

what does Bereiter and Engelmann say about intellectual and linguistic skills
A03 ASWELL

Answer 4

• the language spoken by low income black American families is inadequate for educational success
• its ungrammatical, disjointed and are incapable of expressing abstract ideas

concerns over non english speaking children:
A03: os show its not a major factor eg: in 2010 pupils with english as their first language where only 3.2 points ahead of those without it as their first language

Question 5

ATTITUDES AND VALUES

Answer 5

external factor: CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
cultural deprivation theorists see…
- lack of motivation as major cause of failure amongst black pupils
- most children = socialised into mainstream culture which instils ambition, competitiveness and willingness to make the sacrifices for long term success

contrasts:
- CD theorist: black pupils are socialised into a subculture which instils a fatalistic ‘live for today’ attitude not valuing education leaving the unequipped for success

Question 6

FAMILY STRUCTURE AND PARENTAL SUPPORT

Answer 6

external factor: CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
CD theorists argue…
- failure to socialise children adequately is the result of a dysfunctional family structure

Moynihan argues:
- due to many black families being headed by lone mothers their children are deprived of adequate care as she struggles financially in the absence of a male breadwinner
- also means boys lack a male role model
- sees CD as a cycle: inadequately socialised pupils - fail at school - become inadequate parents themselves

point above is similar to ..

new right: charles murray
- high rate of lone parenthood and lack of positive role models leads to the underachievement of some minorities

Question 7

FATHERS GANGS AND CULTURE