Ethnic Inequality

Question 1

Social scientists and darwin

Answer 1

Following darwin theory they suggested that human groups developed in isolation also white races are inherently superior to others. These theories reflected underlying beliefs of the brit empire and have been since discredited.

Question 2

Morton

Answer 2

Set out to prove white there naturally superior and then brain side is direct to intelligence. Skulls filled with pellets found europeans, chinese last africans.
Gould found that is techniques were biased and used to support his prejudicial views.

Question 3

Race

Answer 3

Refers to the physical appearance such as skin, but it is not biological fact it is socially constructed, there is not single gene and there is no “pure race” any individual is the product of at least 10,000 years of genetic reshuffling. There is genetical more difference between group than racial groups.

Question 4

Racism

Answer 4

Judging people on the basis of ethnic differences can lead to both personal and institutional racism. This occurs when people discriminate. Institutional racsim is having different procedures, this was found by macphearson report.

Question 5

Stratifications based on race

Answer 5

• Aparthide in SA when having jobs and land depended on having white skin.
• Brazil, possession of light skin is highly prized and most of the ruling elites in such a country are drawn from such group.

Question 6

Functionalist

Answer 6

State that racism can be functional such as Nazi Germany providing a group bonding experience.
Slavery because morally justified as the dominate group benefited.

Question 7

Rasism is inevitable but temporary PARSONS

Answer 7

Argues that there is a process of assimilation, this means than minority group adapts to the majority group preventing anomie, he uses the term “American Negro” who is integrated into American culture and is part of meritocratic system.

Question 8

Mod

Answer 8

This links to mod because it assumes west is best, according to rostow can evolve and reach the age of mass consumption.

Question 9

Assimilation is important

Answer 9

Because discrimination can be dysfunctional as it fails to use the resources of all the individuals.
And aggregates social problems such as poverty and crime.

Question 10

But criticisms

Answer 10

Its ethnocentric - assumes whites is best

Argues that cultures don’t assimilate but become more diverse.

Question 11

Exploitation theory

Answer 11

Rasism keeps the minorities in low paying jobs so supplies the capitalist ruling class with cheap labour, forced to accept it. And workers who are in the dominate group who want better wages can be replaces.

Question 12

Cox

Answer 12

Stated that rascism creates a fake class consciousness by creating a divide by creating devisions that means there is less united action to revolt agains capitalism.

Question 13

However criticism

Answer 13

Its is economically deterministic as it focuses too much on capitalism.

Question 14

World systems

Answer 14

They link the concept of nationalism and racism to the evolution of capitalism, he specifically argues that international economy has developed into a world system with core to exploit peripheral areas. He regards race as part of the pseudo-justification of the divisions of the world.

Question 15

Negatives of WST

Answer 15

Very vauge about rebelliaban
Doesn’t operationalise terms
Economically deterministic

Question 16

Dependancy

Answer 16

Frank would arguers that capitalism has created racial inequality. Inc mercantile capitalism(slave)
-Economic impact-undermines indigenous cultures
-political-imposed borders
-Cultural-replaced by the west
Bhopal/Primark

Question 17

Criticisms

Answer 17

Ethnic inequality is not natural
No solutions just highlights
Ignores Kleptocarcy