Ethnic Inequality (20)

Question 1

Two Areas of Life where there is Evidence of Ethnic Inequality

Answer 1

Work and Employment

Crime

Question 2

Work and Employment Example One

Answer 2

Unemployment by Ethnicity Statistics collected by ONS (2017)
The average unemployment rate for the UK is 4.5%
For white people, it is 4%
For BAME it is 8.7%

Question 3

Work and Employment Example One Explantation

Answer 3

Barron and Norris can explain this disparity with their Dual Labor Market Theory.
Primary and Secondary job sectors
Secure and well-paid jobs versus low paid and insecure jobs
Lower status of BAME mean higher unemployment as regulated to the secondary job sector
Jobs are easy to lose and hard to find

Question 4

Work and Employment Example Two

Answer 4

Employment Rate by Ethnicity collected by the Annual Population Survey (2016)
Employment Rate for White is 76%
Asians 73%
Black 63%

Question 5

Work and Employment Example Two Explanation

Answer 5

Clear disparity.
Evidence of institutionalised racism in the workplace that discriminates against ethnic minority
Employers are not employing ethnic minorities due to their own expectations and stereotypes
Deltch argued despite attempts to improve discrimination it still exists in workplaces
EM are aware of this and try to avoid it by either by not working at all or accepting lower paid positions

Question 6

Crime Example One

Answer 6

The Police Powers and Procedures in England and Wales Report published by the Home Office
Reported BME groups are 4x more likely to be stopped and searched than White British.
Black British are 8x more likely.

Question 7

Crime Example One Explanation

Answer 7

Marxists attempt to explain this difference
Suggest racism is perpetuated by the upper class which is predominantly white to aid the maintenance of false class consciousness.
Police perceive EM as more likely to be commit crimes as the beurorgiosie use EM as scapegoats to blame for crimes that are really the result of capitalism
Theft-Low wages/Materialism
Hall shows an example of how young black men are portrayed as criminals. They were used as the stereotypical muggers continously by the media in the 1970s. Fuelling sterotypes that already existed.

Question 8

Crime Example Two

Answer 8

Ministry of Justice (2016) Comparison statistics between Prison Population and General Population
White 88% of GP and 73% of PP: Underrepresented
Black 3% of GP and 12% of PP: Overrepresented

Question 9

Crime Example Two Explanation

Answer 9

Institutionalised Racism in the Criminal Justice System
Judiciary imposing harsher sentences on BAME due to own prejudices and stereotypes.
Only 3% of the Judiciary are BME themselves and can empathise
The majority are White, Middle class, and Middle-aged
Cannot relate to circumstances that contribute to crime.
Intersectonality.