Ethnic Identity Flashcards
What is self-concept?
2pts
- Domain-specific evaluations of the self
- Simply how you think about and see yourself (your internal picture of who you are) including your beliefs, feelings, evaluations about your own qualities, abilities, roles
What is self-esteem?
4pts
- Overall sense of worth & well-being
- How positively or negatively someone feels about themselves and their self image
- Degree of pre-occupation with one’s self-image
- Increasingly stable in adolescence (14+)
What is a sense of identity?
How secure they feel about who they are
What are the differentiation of the self-concept- the 4 selves?
4pts
Actual self: Who they are
Ideal self: Who they would like/want to be
Feared self: Who they don’t want to become
Ought self: Who they think they should be
What is self discrepancy theory?
2pts
- We feel emotional discomfort (sad, guilty, anxious) when there’s a gap between who we are and who we think we should or want to be
- Discrepancies between the actual self and the ideal self and ought self
- Absence of positive things
- Embarrassment, rejected
- Unhappy, disappointed, sad, depressed
What discrepancies of selves is this and what disorder can it lead to?
- Discrepancies in the actual and ideal self
- Can lead to depression
- Agitation; presence of negative things
- Believe they behaved inappropriately; worried about criticism
- Anxious, guilty, nervous, ashamed
What discrepancies of selves is this and what disorder can it lead to?
- Discrepancies in the actual and ought self
- Can lead to anxiety
- To please others (i.e., romantic relationship)
- Behaviour that presents a false impression to others
- Linked to increased depression & hopelessness
What type of self is this?
False self
traits, attributes, individual need
Is this independent or interdependent self concept in culture? Which 2 cultures do we predominately see this in?
2pts
- Independent
-North America & Western Europe cultures
Close relations, social roles, & group membership
Is this independent or interdependent self concept in culture? Which 3 cultures do we predominately see this in ?
2pts
- Interdependent
- Asian, African & Latin- American cultures
Self concept: how does it impact emotional processes ?
Independent: BLANK
- Anger, frustration, pride in relation to personal achievement & goal
Interdependent: BLANK
- Sympathy, supporting connections & interconnections with others
- Independent: ego-focused emotions
- Interdependent: other-focused emotions
Self concept: how does it affect cognitive processes?
Independent
1pts
Interdependent
3pts
Independent:
- emphasizes uniqueness
Interdependent:
- More attentive & sensitive to others
- Self-in-relation to others: context- dependent
- Emphasizes conformity
What does self-esteem look like in early & middle adolescence?
2pts
What are 2 reasons why?
2pts
- Lowest self-esteem
- Unstable self image
Why?
- Egocentrism: constantly conscious of others opinions, being the center of attention
- peer oriented
What is baseline self esteem? What is high vs low?
3pts
What is barometric ? When is it intense?
2pts
- Stable sense of worth across situations
–> Low: poor opinion of oneself even on a good day
–> High: overall high self-esteem (occasional low)
Barometric:
- Fluctuating sense of worth & well-being as they respond to different situations & interactions
- Very intense in adolescence
Which self esteem domain:
- Some are popular with others their age BUT others are not very popular
- Some think they are good looking BUT others think they are not good looking
- Some feel that others their age will be attracted to them BUT others worry about whether people their age…
- Some have trouble figuring out answers in schools BUT others almost always figure out the answers
- Some are happy with themselves most of the time BUT others are often not happy…
A. Scholastic
B. Social acceptance
C. Physical appearance
D. Romantic appeal
E. Global self-worth
–> B. Social acceptance: Some are popular with others their age BUT others are not very popular
–> C. Physical appearance: Some think they are good looking BUT others think they are not good looking
–> D. Romantic appeal: Some feel that others their age will be attracted to them BUT others worry about whether people their age…
–> A. Scholastic: Some have trouble figuring out answers in schools BUT others almost always figure out the answers
- E. Global self- worth: Some are happy with themselves most of the time BUT others are often not happy…
What 2 domains are correlated with self-esteem?
2pts
- Body image
- Physical appearance
Outcomes of low self-esteem?
6pts
- Depression
- Anorexia
- Obesity
- Delinquency
- Suicide
- Low life satisfaction
As per Erikson’s concept of a sense of identity, what is the goal?
What is psychosocial moratorium?
2pts
Goal: Establish a clear sense of who you are, how to fit in, what traits & abilities characterize oneself through interactions with others
Psychosocial moratorium: explore + experiment with different choices
As per Marcia, what is identity diffusion/confusion, foreclosure, moratorium and achievement?
Which example is what?
Ex 1- “I’m not worried about what to do after school, who cares”
Ex 2- I want to be a marine biologist… no, a lawyer… no, a hairdresser like my best friends’ mom.”
Ex 3- “I never had to think about what to do; I’m taking over the farm from Dad”
Ex 4- “After studying in Peru, I
realize I cannot work for a
large corporation; I am going
to be a nurse”
Achieved, Diffused, Foreclosed or Negative id:
- Incoherent, disjointed incomplete self; not committed to an Id
- Established a coherent sense of id
- Choices that are undesirable to parents
- Committed to an id without exploration
Identity Diffusion/ Confusion: Ex #1
- No exploration
- No commitment
Identity Foreclosure: Ex # 3
- No exploration
- Commitment
Identity Moratorium: Ex #2
- Exploration
- No commitment
Identity Achievement: Ex # 4
- Exploration
- Commitment
-Diffused, Achieved, Negative, Foreclosed
- Identity BLANK can become stressful → BLANK
- Tends to be BLANK in young adulthood
Meaning & BLANK life stories – the story we tell about ourselves
* Most key changes: BLANK
* Identity BLANK increases; identity BLANK & BLANK decrease
Fill in the blanks. What concepts are these?
Ruminative exploration: exploration, depression, higher
Narrative identity: integrated, 18-25, achievement, diffusion, moratorium
What is ethnic identity?
Sense of membership, attitudes and feelings related to one’s ethnic or cultural group
3 component of ethnic identity:
- Component 1: basic element of ethnic identity
- Component 2: seeking information & experiences relevant to one’s ethnicity
- Component 3: sense of belonging
Which is the most important component?
Category 1- Self-categorization & labeling: basic element of ethnic identity
Category 2- Exploration: seeking information & experiences relevant to one’s ethnicity
Category 3- Commitment & attachment: sense of belonging AND the most important component
How does J. Phinney think ethnic identity develops?
- Unexplored ethnic identity
–> BLANK : some minority youth initially accept the BLANK culture
–> BLANK : take on the values of BLANK without questioning - Search/moratorium
–> Period of BLANK
–> They come across a situation that…
- Diffusion, majority
- Foreclosure, others
- Exploration
- Triggers exploration
In Marcia’s terms, how does ethnic identity develop?
Achievement:
* BLANK & BLANK of one’s ethnicity
* BLANK between one’s ethnic group & BLANK culture
In adolescence
* Common BLANK or shared BLANK
- Acceptance, internalization
- Balance, mainstream
- Fate, destiny
