CHapter 6- Work

Question 1

What drives students- what’s flow/”in the zone”?

4pts

Answer 1

• Flow occurs when adolescents are challenged enough
• Balance between skill and challenge (concentration and engagement)
• When skill is high and challenge is low = fall into boredom category
• When skill is low and challenge is high= anxiety

Question 2

What is mastery and performance motivation?

2pts

Answer 2

Mastery (intrinsic): pleasure gained from mastering a task
* e.g., co-op learning

Performance (extrinsic): success dependent on external rewards
* e.g., promotes competition when GPA-based

Question 3

What are two examples of Internal and external attributions?

Answer 3

Internal:
- ability
- effort

External:
- luck
- task difficulty

Question 4

What are 3 parts of self-regulation based off Zimmerman?

3pts

Answer 4

• Forethought
• Performance
• Self-reflection

Question 5

How many hours should adolescents work?

What theory is this?

unstructured, unsupervised time with peers causes misbehavior (drugs, depression, etc

Answer 5

• Under 10 is fine; 10-20 starts to become problematic, 20+ is definitely problematic
• Routine activity theory

Question 6

What are some risk associated with work and school?

5pts

Working from a young age and working long hours is associated with increased…

4pts

Answer 6

• Increased risk of dropping out of school
• More absenteeism
• Poor grades
• Less time on homework
• Fewer extracurricular activities
• Increase aggression
• Increased sexual activity
• Increased school misconduct
• Increased delinquency

Question 7

Who benefits from working (in adolescence)?

Answer 7

Inner-city adolescents from lone-parent families

Question 8

What is D supper’s theory of the development of occupational goals?

4pts

Answer 8

• Choosing a career is a continuous process from childhood to adulthood
• Development of the self concept
• Process of choice and adjustment
• 5 stages: growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance & decline

Question 9

What’s Holland’s theory of work?

Hint: Matching

2pts

Answer 9

• Matching personality characteristics with jobs
• We select work environments where we can use our skills and abilities and
  express our values and attitudes

Question 10

What is Linda Gottfredson’s theory of work?
1pts

What’s circumscription and compromise ?
2pts

What’s the 4 stage process?
4pts

Answer 10

• We gradually narrow down job options as we grow up based on what seems “right” for our gender, social standing, self concept, compatibility, and accessibility. When we choose careers, we often settle for “good enough” (sometimes not even our “dream job”) because of our abilities and what’s realistic.
• Circumscription: elimination of unacceptable alternatives
• Compromise: let go & retain the preferred alternatives

4 stage process:
- Ages 3-5: orientation to size and power
- Ages 6-8: orientation to sex roles
- Ages 9-12: orientation to social valuation
- Ages 14+: orientation to internal, unique self