Chapter 5- Peers

Question 1

• Grade 4 –>
• Grade 7 –>
• Grade 10–>
• Late adolescence & college –>

Most time is spent with?

Fill in the blanks with these: same sex friends, romantic partners, parents.

Answer 1

• Grade 4 –> parents
• Grade 7 –> same-sex friends; parents
• Grade 10–> same-sex friendships
• Late adolescence & college –> romantic partner

Question 2

What is Sullivan’s theory of interpersonal development?

What is the goal? What is the key?

5pts

Answer 2

• Distinction between intimacy and sexuality
• Intimacy comes before sexuality
• First develops in same sex friendships/relationships
• Goal: establish intimacy + sexual contact
• Key: security in relationships

Question 3

Intimacy with BLANK drops in BLANK but restored in adulthood

Answer 3

parents, adolescence

Question 4

Are boys or girls more intimate in friendships and romantic relationships?

Answer 4

Girls

Question 5

Less likely to be jealous; conflicts are briefer; deal using humour

Boys or girls?

Answer 5

Boys

Question 6

For both boys and girls are relationships with friends and parents or parents less stressful?

Answer 6

Relationships with friends and partners are less stressful than with parent

Question 7

What are 4 types of social support according to Berndt?

What are 3 things they look for in friendships?

7pts

Answer 7

• Informational
• Instrumental
• Companionship
• Esteem
• Loyalty, commitment, genuineness

Question 8

What is the selection process for making friends as an adolescent?

Answer 8

• Propinquity (physical closeness)
• Similarity
• Friendship homophily: forming friendships based on shared age, race/ethnicity, gender, social attitudes, normative behaviors, experiences

Question 9

What is a clique vs crowd?

Answer 9

Clique:
- Average 6 people, girls> boys
- Main social context of interaction

Crowds:
- Reputation- based clusters
- More differentiated in early to mid adolescence

Question 10

• Fundamental need to belong
• Ingroup/outgroup
• Establish social identity & derive meaning
• Conflict: perceived or real threat to the collective

What theory is this?

Answer 10

Social Identity Theory

Question 11

What is sociometric popularity vs perceived popularity?

2pts

Answer 11

Sociometric popularity: Actually liked/accepted by others

Perceived popularity: Social dominance, prestige

Question 12

What are 4 categories of popularity?

4pts

Answer 12

• Popular: many positive/liked + few negative/disliked nominations
• Neglected: few positive/ liked or disliked/negative nominations
• Controversial: many positive/liked + disliked/negative nominations

Rejected: few positive/liked + many negative/disliked nominations

Question 12

3 factors in defining bullying?

Answer 12

power imbalance, intentionality, repetition

Question 12

Behavior depends on social pressures.

What theory is this?

Answer 12

Social impact theory

Question 13

Conformity associated with likeability & acceptance

What theory is this?

Answer 13

Social misfit theory

Question 14

What is reactive vs proactive aggression?

Give examples.

4pts

Answer 14

Reactive aggression: emotional response to a perceived threat or provocation

Ex- punching another kid after he kept calling you names

Proactive aggression: Initiating aggression to gain something

Ex- Bullying another student to gain popularity

Question 15

What is instrumental vs relational aggression?

2pts

Answer 15

Instrumental/proactive aggression: Initiating aggression to gain something

Relational aggression: ridicule, gossip, exclusion

Question 16

Rejected-aggressive teens tend to see what others do in a hostile light and retaliate with hostility.

What concept is this?

Answer 16

Hostile attribution bias

Question 17

Intense anxiety, very dependent in relationship, may seek lots of emotional support and reassurance, can’t stand being alone/constantly have to be with somebody.

What attachment style is this an example of?

Answer 17

Anxious resistant

Question 18

Seek friendships some days and other days seeking isolation

What attachment style is this an example of?

Answer 18

Anxious avoidant

Question 19

Comes from parents who have issues- parents may be abusive, distant, love hate relationship, difficult regulating emotions/mood swings, intense fear of abandonment, may experience dissociation, seen in more abusive families, and kids and families who’ve experience trauma, seen in problematic parents.

What attachment style is this an example of?

Answer 19

Disorganized

Question 20

More likely to have healthy and trusting relationships with peers.

What attachment style is this an example of?

Answer 20

Secure attachment