ethics - consent (vulnerable)

Question 1

elements of consent

Answer 1

Adequate information
Capacity
Voluntariness
Decision

Question 2

gillick competence

Answer 2

Children under 16 can truly consent to treatment only if they understand its nature, purpose and hazard.

need to understant
- treatment
failure of treatment 
alternative treatments
inaction

Question 3

when can gillek competence be overridden

Answer 3

by courts when childs life at risk

Question 4

MCA principles

Answer 4

presume capacity in the first instance; • Support decision making;
• Respect unwise decisions;
• Promote best interests
• Offer the least restrictive alternative

Question 5

best interest

Answer 5

pt still involved
objective test for the pts best interest
take into accoutn views and values

Question 6

limits to best interst

Answer 6

valid advance decision

valid decision by attorney or court appointed depty

Question 7

advance decisions refusing treatment

Answer 7

binding if:
• The person making the directive was 18 or older when it was made and had mental capacity at that time;
• It specifies (lay terms are acceptable), the specific treatment to be refused and the specific circumstances in which that refusal applies.
• The person making the directive has not withdrawn the directive at any time when they had capacity to do so;

Question 8

lasting power of attorney

Answer 8

An individual can nominate another person
to make health care decisions in advance of them losing their capacity
• Does not extend to refusing life-sustaining treatment unless explicitly says so

Question 9

court deputies

Answer 9

o not have power to override decisions made by those exercising a power of attorney
• Do not have power to refuse life-sustaining treatment
• Useful when disputes arise over care and treatment