Ethics

Question 1

Systematising, defending, and providing standards by which behaviour can be judged to be right or wrong

This is known as…?

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

What is ethics?

Answer 2

Systematising, defending, and providing standards by which behaviour can be judged to be right or wrong

Question 3

The practical task of arriving at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct

This is known as…?

Answer 3

Normative ethics

Question 4

What is normative ethics?

Answer 4

The practical task of arriving at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct

Question 5

List at least 5 infamous studies with poor ethics

Answer 5

• Little Albert
• Monster study
• Conformity
• Infant dependency in monkeys
• Robbers cave experiment
• Obedience to authority
• Learned helplessness
• Bystander effect
• Blue-eyed vs brown-eyed students
• Stanford prison experiment

Question 6

The rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon its consequences

This is known as…?

Answer 6

Consequentialism

Question 7

What is Consequentialism?

Answer 7

The rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon its consequences

Question 8

Emphasises the role of pleasure or happiness as a consequence of our actions

This is known as…?

Answer 8

Utilitarianism

Question 9

What is Utilitarianism?

Answer 9

Emphasises the role of pleasure or happiness as a consequence of our actions

Question 10

Certain acts are right or wrong in themselves, not necessarily in terms of their consequences

This is known as…?

Answer 10

Deontology (Duty)

Question 11

What is Deontology (Duty)?

Answer 11

Certain acts are right or wrong in themselves, not necessarily in terms of their consequences

Question 12

Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or that of another, always as an end and never as a means only

Simply= commands or moral laws all persons must follow, regardless of their desires or extenuating circumstances

This is known as…?

Answer 12

Categorical imperative

Question 13

What is categorical imperative?

Answer 13

Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or that of another, always as an end and never as a means only

Simply = commands or moral laws all persons must follow, regardless of their desires or extenuating circumstances

Question 14

Who thought of the distinct approaches to ethics?

Answer 14

Immanuel Kant

Question 15

What are the 4 distinct approaches proposed by Immanuel Kant?

Answer 15

1) Consequentialism
2) Utilitarianism
3) Deontonoly
4) Categorical imperitive

Question 16

What did Johnson and Tudor’s study demonstrate about stuttering as a learned behaviour?

Answer 16

Stuttering could be induced by persistently drawing attention to minor imperfections in a child’s speech

Simply = Children who received compliments about their speaking stutter less than children who were critiqued on the smallest vocal mistakes

Question 17

What happened in Johnson and Tudor’s study investigating stuttering as a learned behaviour?

Answer 17

1) 22 orphans

2) Half given positive speech therapy

3) Half had attention drawn to every slight speech imperfection

4) Eight of the 11 who had attention drawn to speech imperfections developed a stutter

Question 18

What approach does stuttering as a learned behaviour follow?

Answer 18

Consequentialism

Question 19

Stuttering as a learned behaviour follows a consequentialism approach. Why?

Answer 19

Consequentialism = An action that brings about more benefit than harm is good, while an action that causes more harm than benefit is not

Whether something is good or bad depends on its outcomes

In this context = Pointing out the children’s minor imperfections in their speech brings about more harm than benefit while giving positive speech therapy caused more benefit than harm

Question 20

What distinct approach does the BPS take?

Answer 20

Deontological

Question 21

Self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human actions

This is known as…?

Answer 21

Psychological egoism

Question 22

What is psychological egoism?

Answer 22

Self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human actions

Question 23

Who thought of psychological egoism?

Answer 23

Thomas Hobbes

Question 24

The perspective whereby the consequences determine how right or wrong something is is referred to as…

a. Utilitarianism
b. Psychological egoism
c. Deontology
d. Consequentialism

Answer 24

d. Consequentialism

Question 25

The perspective that emphasises the role of pleasure or happiness as a consequence of our actions is referred to as…

a. Utilitarianism
b. Psychological egoism
c. Deontology
d. Consequentialism

Answer 25

a. Utilitarianism

Question 26

The perspective that judges morality by examining the nature of actions themselves and the intentions of the agents is referred to as…

a. Utilitarianism
b. Psychological egoism
c. Deontology
d. Consequentialism

Answer 26

c. Deontology

Question 27

The perspective that suggests that self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human actions is referred to as…

a. Utilitarianism
b. Psychological egoism
c. Deontology
d. Consequentialism

Answer 27

b. Psychological egoism

Question 28

The BPS take a consequentialist approach to ethics

True or False?

Answer 28

False. BPS takes a deontological approach to ethics