Ethics Flashcards
Systematising, defending, and providing standards by which behaviour can be judged to be right or wrong
This is known as…?
Ethics
What is ethics?
Systematising, defending, and providing standards by which behaviour can be judged to be right or wrong
The practical task of arriving at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct
This is known as…?
Normative ethics
What is normative ethics?
The practical task of arriving at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct
List at least 5 infamous studies with poor ethics
- Little Albert
- Monster study
- Conformity
- Infant dependency in monkeys
- Robbers cave experiment
- Obedience to authority
- Learned helplessness
- Bystander effect
- Blue-eyed vs brown-eyed students
- Stanford prison experiment
The rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon its consequences
This is known as…?
Consequentialism
What is Consequentialism?
The rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon its consequences
Emphasises the role of pleasure or happiness as a consequence of our actions
This is known as…?
Utilitarianism
What is Utilitarianism?
Emphasises the role of pleasure or happiness as a consequence of our actions
Certain acts are right or wrong in themselves, not necessarily in terms of their consequences
This is known as…?
Deontology (Duty)
What is Deontology (Duty)?
Certain acts are right or wrong in themselves, not necessarily in terms of their consequences
Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or that of another, always as an end and never as a means only
Simply= commands or moral laws all persons must follow, regardless of their desires or extenuating circumstances
This is known as…?
Categorical imperative
What is categorical imperative?
Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or that of another, always as an end and never as a means only
Simply = commands or moral laws all persons must follow, regardless of their desires or extenuating circumstances
Who thought of the distinct approaches to ethics?
Immanuel Kant
What are the 4 distinct approaches proposed by Immanuel Kant?
1) Consequentialism
2) Utilitarianism
3) Deontonoly
4) Categorical imperitive
What did Johnson and Tudor’s study demonstrate about stuttering as a learned behaviour?
Stuttering could be induced by persistently drawing attention to minor imperfections in a child’s speech
Simply = Children who received compliments about their speaking stutter less than children who were critiqued on the smallest vocal mistakes
What happened in Johnson and Tudor’s study investigating stuttering as a learned behaviour?
1) 22 orphans
2) Half given positive speech therapy
3) Half had attention drawn to every slight speech imperfection
4) Eight of the 11 who had attention drawn to speech imperfections developed a stutter
What approach does stuttering as a learned behaviour follow?
Consequentialism
Stuttering as a learned behaviour follows a consequentialism approach. Why?
Consequentialism = An action that brings about more benefit than harm is good, while an action that causes more harm than benefit is not
Whether something is good or bad depends on its outcomes
In this context = Pointing out the children’s minor imperfections in their speech brings about more harm than benefit while giving positive speech therapy caused more benefit than harm
What distinct approach does the BPS take?
Deontological
Self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human actions
This is known as…?
Psychological egoism
What is psychological egoism?
Self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human actions
Who thought of psychological egoism?
Thomas Hobbes
The perspective whereby the consequences determine how right or wrong something is is referred to as…
a. Utilitarianism
b. Psychological egoism
c. Deontology
d. Consequentialism
d. Consequentialism
The perspective that emphasises the role of pleasure or happiness as a consequence of our actions is referred to as…
a. Utilitarianism
b. Psychological egoism
c. Deontology
d. Consequentialism
a. Utilitarianism
The perspective that judges morality by examining the nature of actions themselves and the intentions of the agents is referred to as…
a. Utilitarianism
b. Psychological egoism
c. Deontology
d. Consequentialism
c. Deontology
The perspective that suggests that self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human actions is referred to as…
a. Utilitarianism
b. Psychological egoism
c. Deontology
d. Consequentialism
b. Psychological egoism
The BPS take a consequentialist approach to ethics
True or False?
False. BPS takes a deontological approach to ethics
