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Proteins > ETC > Flashcards

ETC Flashcards

1
Q

Heme A

A

Long isoprenoid tail

Detected at 600nm

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2
Q

Heme B where can it be found

A

Myoglobins

Haemoglobins

B type cytochrome

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3
Q

What does heme B contain

A

Iron protoporphyrin IX

Not an isoprenoid tail

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4
Q

Heme C

A

Cytochrome C via thioester bonds to two cysteine residues

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5
Q

What do all haems contain

A

4/5 nitrogen ring in a cyclic structure

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6
Q

What does the 4/5 nitrogen ring form

A

Porphyrin

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of Fe-s centres in heme

A

Simple

Intermediate

Complex

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8
Q

What does the simple Fe-s contain

A

Iron + sulphur with cysteine residues

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9
Q

What does intermediate Fe-s contain

A

2 iron

2 sulphur

Connected via inorganic sulphur on cysteine

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10
Q

What does complex Fe-s contain

A

4iron

4 sulphur

Inorganic sulphur binds

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11
Q

Complex 1 structure

A

2 membrane arm

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12
Q

What does complex 1 catalyse the reaction of

A

Vectorial reaction

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13
Q

2 electrons donated by NADH pass into what in complex 1

A

FMN

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14
Q

How many Fe-s centres do the 2 electrons go through complex 1

Where do they go to

A

6-8 Fe centres

N-2 centre

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15
Q

2 protons get pumped into the matrix arm to form with what in complex 1?

A

Ubiquinone (Q)

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16
Q

Ubiquinone forms with what to form what in complex 1

A

Ubiquinone forms with 2 electrons/protons

Forms ubiquinol (QH2)

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17
Q

What’s fully reduced in complex 1

What’s fully oxidised in complex 1

A

QH2 = fully reduces

Q = fully oxidised

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18
Q

How many protons are pumped in complex 1

A

4

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19
Q

Complex 2 contains ABCD subunits, which are integrated into the membrane

A

C and D

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20
Q

Succinate can donate how many electrons in complex 2

Where does succinate come from

A

2 electrons

From citric Acid

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21
Q

Succinate after donating 2 electrons becomes what

What accepts these electrons

A

Fumerate

FAD reduced —> FADH2

22
Q

What does the 2 electrons in complex 2 pass through?

A

3x Fe-s centres

Heme B (with iron protoporphyrin IX)

23
Q

What’s formed in complex 2

A

QH2

24
Q

Electrons can be donated to complex 2 from citric acid cycle (succinate) as well as? (2)

A

Fatty acid CoA

Glycerol 3 phosphate

25
Q

In complex 3, one electron passes through what to cytochrome C (2)

What does this drive the process of

A

Rieske centre (2Fe-s)

Heme C1

Pumps 2 protons our

26
Q

What does the other electron go towards in complex 3 instead of rieske centre

What does this process pump

A

Forms with Ubiquinone (Q) to form Semi radical (Q-)

2 protons into complex

27
Q

2 protons pumped into the complex 3 form with what to form QH2

What does this then allow

A

Form with semi radical Q-

Allows reaction to start again

Allowing 4 protons to be pumped out

28
Q

How many subunits are present at complex IV

A

13 subunits

3 main subunits

29
Q

What does unit 1 contain on complex IV

A

CUb

Heme A

Heme A3

30
Q

Unit 2 contains what on complex IV

A

Cu A

31
Q

What donates electrons to complex IV

What do these form

A

2x Reduced Cytochrome C

2 oxidised cytochrome C

32
Q

What does the 2 electrons donated pass through on complex IV

A

Unit 2 (CUA)

Unit 1 (A / A3 /CUB)

33
Q

What do the 2 electrons in complex IV form with

A

1/2 O2 + 2 protons

Forms H20

34
Q

How many protons are pumped out of complex IV

A

2 protons

35
Q

What drug inhibits complex 1 and prevents QH2 formation

A

Rotenone

36
Q

Complex 3 is inhibited by what

A

Antimycin

37
Q

What inhibits complex IV

A

Cyanide

38
Q

What happens to the pH of the matrix has protons are pumped into the intermembrane space

A

Becomes alkali

39
Q

What does the F0 region contain

A

A

B2

C10

40
Q

What does the F1 region contain

A

a3

B3

D (Greek)

E(Greek)

41
Q

What is the central stalk of the F1 to F0

A

Y

42
Q

What does the B2 unit of F0 attach to on F1

A

Delta

43
Q

What’s the role of ATP synthase

A

Convert proton gradient energy into chemical energy

44
Q

What are the 3 confirmations of Beta3

A

B-ATP conformation

B-Empty

B-ADP

45
Q

ATP forms through what type of reaction

A

Condensation

46
Q

How many ATP/360

A

3ATP

47
Q

Overall how many ATP are produced using P/O ratio of (2.5/1.5)

A

30-32

48
Q

How many protons are used in synthesis of ATP

A

1 = transport ATP/ADP/PI

3 = needed to synthesise ATP

49
Q

What does imcreased respiration do on ATP production

A

More ATP production

As more 1/2 O2 reduced into water

50
Q

How many protons pumped from succinate

A

6

51
Q

How many protons pumped per NADH

A

10

52
Q

What can produce antimycin A

A

Streptomyces bacteria

Proteins (13 decks)

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