ESTAS

Question 1

movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

Question 2

respiration

Answer 2

the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy for metabolism

Question 3

sensitivity

Answer 3

the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses

Question 4

growth

Answer 4

a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

Question 5

reproduction

Answer 5

the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Question 6

excretion

Answer 6

the removal from organisms of: toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements

Question 7

nutrition

Answer 7

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions; animals need organic compounds, ions and usually need water

Question 8

species

Answer 8

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 9

binomial system

Answer 9

an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species

Question 10

tissue

Answer 10

a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function

Question 11

organ

Answer 11

a structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions

Question 12

organ system

Answer 12

a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions

Question 13

diffusion

Answer 13

the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement

Question 14

osmosis

Answer 14

the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane

Question 15

active transport

Answer 15

the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy from respiration

Question 16

catalyst

Answer 16

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction

Question 17

enzymes

Answer 17

proteins that function as biological catalysts

Question 18

photosynthesis

Answer 18

the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

Question 19

limiting factor

Answer 19

something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes

Question 20

ingestion

Answer 20

the taking of substances, e.g. food and drink, into the body through the mouth

Question 21

mechanical digestion

Answer 21

the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

Question 22

chemical digestion

Answer 22

the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules

Question 23

absorption

Answer 23

the movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood

Question 24

assimilation

Answer 24

the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells

Question 25

egestion

Answer 25

the passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed, as faeces, through the anus

Question 26

diarrhoea

Answer 26

the loss of watery faeces

Question 27

cholera

Answer 27

a disease caused by a bacterium