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science > definitions - set 4 > Flashcards

definitions - set 4 Flashcards

1
Q

heterozygous

A

having two different alleles of a gene (e.g. Tt or Gg), not pure-breeding

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2
Q

hilum

A

the scar where a seed was attached to a fruit

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3
Q

homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

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4
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

the two chromosomes of a pair in a diploid cell; they have genes for the same features at the same positions

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5
Q

homozygous

A

having two identical alleles of a particular gene (e.g. TT or gg). Two identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure-breeding

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6
Q

hormone

A

a chemical substance produced by a gland, carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs and is then destroyed by the liver

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7
Q

hydrophyte

A

a plant adapted to live in wet conditions

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8
Q

hyperglycaemia

A

having too much glucose in the blood

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9
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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10
Q

hypoglycaemia

A

having too little glucose in the blood

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11
Q

hypothalamus

A

a part of the brain that helps to regulate body temperature

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12
Q

immune

A

able to fight off a particular type of pathogen before it causes any symptoms in the body

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13
Q

implantation

A

the movement of a young embryo into the lining of the uterus, and its attachment there

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14
Q

ingestion

A

taking substances (e.g. food, drink) into the body through the mouth

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15
Q

inheritance

A

the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

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16
Q

inorganic

A

substances that are not made by living organisms

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17
Q

insulin

A

a hormone secreted by the pancreas, which reduces blood glucose level

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18
Q

intercostal muscles

A

muscles between the ribs, which help to produce breathing movements

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19
Q

involuntary action

A

an action taken automatically, without conscious thought

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20
Q

iris

A

the coloured part of the eye, which controls the amount of light allowed through to the lens and the retina

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21
Q

islets of Langerhans

A

groups of cells in the pancreas which secrete insulin and glucagon

22
Q

key

A

a series of questions whose answers lead you to the identification of an organism

23
Q

kingdom

A

one of the five large groups into which all living organisms are classified

24
Q

kwashiorkor

A

a deficiency disease caused by lack of protein in the diet

25
Q

lactation

A

production of milk by mammary glands

26
Q

lag phase

A

the early stage of population growth, when numbers scarcely change

27
Q

lamina

A

the main part of a leaf

28
Q

LH

A

luteinising hormone; a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland which causes an egg to be released from an ovary

29
Q

light microscope

A

a microscope that uses light to produce images

30
Q

lignin

A

a tough, waterproof material that makes up the walls of xylem vessels; wood is mostly lignin

31
Q

limiting factor

A

something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes

32
Q

lipase

A

an enzyme that digests fats (lipids) to fatty acids and glycerol

33
Q

lipids

A

fats, oils and waxes

34
Q

log phase (exponential phase)

A

the stage in population growth when numbers increase exponentially

35
Q

lymph

A

the fluid found inside lymph vessels, formed from tissue fluid

36
Q

lymph nodes

A

organs in which large numbers of white blood cells (which can destroy bacteria or toxins) collect

37
Q

maltase

A

an enzyme that breaks down maltose to glucose

38
Q

marasumus

A

a disease resulting from a severe lack of energy in the diet

39
Q

maltose

A

a disaccharide produced by the digestion of starch

40
Q

mechanical digestion

A

the breakdown of large pieces of food to smaller ones, incresasing their surface area; it is done by teeth in the mouth and by the contraction of muscles in the stomach wall

41
Q

medulla (in kidney)

A

the central area in a kidney

42
Q

meiosis

A

reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid

43
Q

memory cells

A

cells produced by activated lymphocytes, that remain in the body and are able to respond quickly to a pathogen

44
Q

menstruation

A

the loss of the uterus lining through the vagina

45
Q

mesophyll

A

the tissues in the centre of a leaf, where photosynthesis takes place

46
Q

metabolic reactions

A

the chemical reactions that take place inside a living organism

47
Q

micrometre

A

1 x 10 -6 metres

48
Q

micropyle

A

a tiny hole in the testa of a seed

49
Q

mineral

A

an inorganic ion required in small quantities by living organisms

50
Q

mitochondria

A

organelles in which aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for use by the cell

science (12 decks)

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