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science > definitions - set 7 > Flashcards

definitions - set 7 Flashcards

1
Q

sex-linked gene

A

a gene found on the X chromosome but not on the Y chromosome

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2
Q

sexually-transmitted infection

A

an infection that is transmitted via bodily fluids through sexual contact

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3
Q

sexual reproduction

A

the process involving the fusion of haploid nuclei to form a diploid zygote and the production of genetically dissimilar offspring

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4
Q

sickle cell anaemia

A

a condition caused by a codominant allele of the gene that codes for haemoglobin, in which a person has two copies of the gene and suffers serious health problems

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5
Q

simple sugar

A

a monosaccharide; a carbohydrate whose molecules are made of one sugar unit

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6
Q

sink

A

a place to which substrates are transported in phloem

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7
Q

solvent

A

a liquid in which another substance is dissolved

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8
Q

source

A

a place from which substances are transported in phloem

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9
Q

species

A

a group of organisms with similar characteristics, which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring

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10
Q

species diversity

A

the number of different species living in a habitat

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11
Q

sperm

A

a male gamete

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12
Q

sphincter muscle

A

a muscle surrounding a tube, which can contract to close the tube

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13
Q

spongy layer

A

the tissue beneath the palisade layer in a leaf; it is made up of cells that contain chloroplasts and can photosynthesize, with many air spaces between them

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14
Q

stamen

A

the male parts of a flower

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15
Q

starch

A

the polysaccharide that is used as an energy store in plant cells

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16
Q

stationary phase

A

a stage when the numbers in a population remain approximately constant

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17
Q

stem tuber

A

a swollen part of a stem, which stores food

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18
Q

stigma

A

the part of a flower that receives pollen

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19
Q

stimulant

A

a drug that makes the nervous system work faster

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20
Q

stimulus

A

a change in an organism’s surroundings that can be detected by its sense organs

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21
Q

stoma (plural: stomata)

A

a gap between two guard cells, usually in the epidermis on the lower surface of a leaf

22
Q

style

A

the connection between the stigma and ovary of a flower

23
Q

substrate

A

the substance on which an enzyme acts

24
Q

sucrase

A

a carbohydrase found in the small intestine, which breaks down sucrose to glucose and fructose

25
Q

sucrose

A

a disaccharide, non-reducing sugar, made of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule linked together; the form in which carbohydrates are transported in the phloem of plants

26
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

a ring of ligaments linking the ciliary muscles to the lens

27
Q

sustainable resource

A

one which can be removed form the environment without it running out

28
Q

sustainable development

A

providing for the needs of an increasing human population without harming the environment

29
Q

synapse

A

a point at which an impulse can be passed from one neurone to another

30
Q

synaptic cleft

A

a tiny gap between two neurones

31
Q

systole

A

the stage of a heart beat in which the muscles in the walls of the heart chambers contract

32
Q

target organ

A

an organ that is affected by a hormone

33
Q

tendons

A

strong, inelastic cords of tissue, which attach muscles to bones; they are also found in the heart, where they attach the atrioventricular valves to the wall of the ventricle

34
Q

test cross

A

breeding an offspring with the dominant phenotype with an organism with the recessive phenotype; the offspring of the cross can help to determine the genotype of the parent with the dominant phenotype

35
Q

testis (plural: testes)

A

an organ in which sperm is made

36
Q

testosterone

A

a hormone secreted by the testes, which causes male characteristics

37
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function

38
Q

tissue fluid

A

the fluid that surrounds all the cells in the body, formed from blood plasma that leaks out of capillaries

39
Q

toxin

A

a poisonous substance

40
Q

trachea

A

the tube that carries air from the nose and mouth down to the lungs

41
Q

translocation

A

the movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem, from regions of production to regions of storage, or to regions of utilisation in respiration or growth

42
Q

transmissible disease

A

a disease caused by a pathogen that can be passed from one person to another

43
Q

transmitter substance

A

a chemical that carries a nerve impulse across a synapse

44
Q

transpiration

A

evaporation of water at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells followed by loss of water vapour from plant leaves, though the stomata

45
Q

transpiration stream

A

the pathway of water from the root hair of a plant, up the root and stem and out of the leaves into the atmosphere

46
Q

trophic level

A

the position of an organism in a food chain, food-web or pyramid of biomass, numbers or energy

47
Q

tropism

A

a plant growth response to a stimulus, in which the direction of growth is related to the direction of the stimulus

48
Q

trypsin

A

a protease enzyme found in pancreatic juice

49
Q

turgid

A

a term used to describe a plant cell that has absorbed water ad ha cytoplasm that is pressing outwards on the cell wall

50
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

a condition in which the pancreas is unable to make insulin

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