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science > definitions - set 3 > Flashcards

definitions - set 3 Flashcards

1
Q

egg

A

a female gamete

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2
Q

embryo

A

a young organism before birth, and before all the body organs have formed

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3
Q

embryonic stem cell

A

a cell in an embryo that is capable of giving rise to all types of specialised cell

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4
Q

emphysema

A

a disease in which the walls of the alveoli in the lungs break down, reducing the surface area for gas exchange

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5
Q

emulsification

A

breaking large globules of fat into tiny droplets, so that they mix easily with water

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6
Q

endocrine glands

A

the ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood and together make up the endocrine system

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7
Q

endothermic

A

able to internally regulate body temperature; the body temperature is independent of the temperature of the environment

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8
Q

enhanced greenhouse effect

A

the increase in the greenhouse effect caused by the addition of more greenhouse gases to the atmosphere

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9
Q

enzymes

A

proteins that function as biological catalysts

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10
Q

epidermis (mammal)

A

the outer layer of the skin

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11
Q

epidermis (plant)

A

a tissue made up of a single layer of cells which covers the top and bottom of a leaf, and the outside of the stem and root

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12
Q

excretion

A

removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements

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13
Q

exponential phase

A

(log phase) the stage in population growth when numbers increase exponentially

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14
Q

evolution

A

the change in adaptive features of a population over time, as a result of natural selection

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15
Q

F1 generation

A

the offspring from a parent homozygous for a dominant allele and a parent homozygous for the recessive allele

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16
Q

fermentation

A

the breakdown of glucose by yeast, using anaerobic respiration; it produces carbon dioxide and alcohol

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17
Q

fertilisation

A

the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes

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18
Q

fetus

A

a young organism before birth, once all the body organs have formed

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19
Q

fibrin

A

an insoluble protein that forms fibres that help in blood clotting

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20
Q

fibrinogen

A

a soluble protein that is converted to insoluble fibrin when blood clots

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21
Q

filament

A

the stalk of the stamen

22
Q

fitness

A

the probability of an organism surviving and reproducing in the environment in which it is found

23
Q

flaccid

A

a term used to describe a cell that has lost a lot of water, becoming soft

24
Q

follicle

A

a space inside an ovary in which an egg develops

25
Q

food chain

A

a chart showing the flow of energy (food) from one organism to the next beginning with a producer (e.g. mahagony tree - caterpillar - song bird - hawk)

26
Q

food web

A

a network of interconnected food chains showing the energy flow through part of an ecosystem

27
Q

fovea

A

the part of the retina where cones are most tightly packed

28
Q

fruit

A

an ovary of a plant after fertilisation; it contains seeds

29
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone; a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland which causes the development of eggs in the ovaries

30
Q

fully permeable

A

able to let most substances pass through

31
Q

gametes

A

sex cells, e.g. eggs and sperm

32
Q

gas exchange

A

the entry of oxygen into and organisms body, and the loss of carbon dioxide

33
Q

gene

A

a length of DNA that is the unit of heredity and codes for a specific protein

34
Q

gene mutation

A

a change in the base sequence of DNA

35
Q

genetic diagram

A

the conventional way to set out a genetic cross

36
Q

genetic engineering

A

taking a gene from one species and putting it into another species

37
Q

genotype

A

the genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present (e.g. Tt or GG)

38
Q

genus (plural: genera)

A

a group of similar and related species

39
Q

glomerulus

A

a tangle of blood capillaries in a Bowman’s capsule in the kidney

40
Q

glucagon

A

a hormone secreted by the pancreas, which increases blood glucose level

41
Q

glycogen

A

the polysaccharide that is used as an energy store in animal cells and fungi

42
Q

goblet cells

A

cells which secrete mucus

43
Q

gravitropism

A

a response in which a plant grows towards or away from gravity

44
Q

greenhouse effect

A

the warming effect of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases, on the Earth

45
Q

growth

A

a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

46
Q

guard cell

A

one of the two sausage-shaped cells in the epidermis in plants, between which there is a hole called stoma; the guard cells can change shape to open and close the stoma

47
Q

habitat

A

the place where an organism lives

48
Q

haploid

A

having one set of chromosomes

49
Q

hepatic portal vein

A

a blood vessel that transports blood from the digestive system to the liver

50
Q

hervibore

A

an animal that gets its energy by eating plants

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