Essentials of Cardiac Arrhthmias Flashcards
Anatomy and physiology of the heart:
What is the definition of an Arrhythmias?
How do we consider normal sinus rhythm?
How do you differentiate SVT vs VT?
SVT- Normal narrow QRS
VT - wide QRS
Bradyarrhythmias:
Mechanisms?
How do test these patients? - Stress test
Clincial features of Sinus Bradycardia?
Assessment: Assess GCS? BP? ECG?
What disease or causes should we look for? e.g Hypothyroidism,
What is a Sinus pause or Sinus Arrest?
(absent P waves for more then 3 seconds)
What is it associated with?
How is it treated (treat reversible causes)
What is sick sinus syndrome?
What is it caused by?
When is it more common?
What are the symptoms?
What is the treatment?
What is a 1st Degree AV block?
What is the mechanism?
What are the ECG findings? > 200ms p wave
What conditions cause it?
When is it severe? (>300ms) and patient has severe symptoms:
Why watch out for 1st degree block in, Rheumatic fever and IE, because it can progress onto 2nd and 3rd degree blocks!
Second degree AV block: What is mobitz type 1 or type 2
(type 2 worse because can progress to 3rd degree heart block)
Mobitz 1 ECG? (what other names)
Mobitz 2 ECG? (fixed p-p)
Third degree heart block:
Complete Dissociation!
What are is the atrial vs ventricular rate
When does it occur?
What symptoms?
Tachyarrhythmias:
What are the common mechanisms?
List 3:
What is most common — re-entry (tachy)
What are Narrow Complex Tachycardias?
What are the features of it?
Where is the origin of them?
WHat is SVT?
What are the causes?
What are the 3 ways to describe them?
How does re-entry occur?
What is a focal atrial tachycardia?
ECG findings?
Symptoms?
Treatment? Acute: Unstable? Chronic management?
- Management: Adenosine
MOA of adenosine: decreases AV node conduction
What is AVNRT? (slow and fast path)
What ECG signs?
Symptoms? (polyuria - due to ANP)
Management:
What is ablation: Burning of the accessory pathway!
Which patients contraindicated for adenosine: Asthma/ COPD (reversibility)
AVRT (WPW)
What is it?
What is the common causes? (congenital accessory pathways)
Looks very similair to AVNRT!
THIS PATHWAY CAN be fast and dangerous!
WPW feature ECG need to know
What is Atrial flutter?
What causes it?
What are Atrial Ventricular ratios?
What ECG pattern?
Management of Atrial flutter:
Anticoagulation same as CHAD2VASC
Rate vs rhytmn control?
What medications can be used for rate control?
When patient is symptomatic- usually go for Rhythmn control
Mechanisms of tachyarrhythmias:
What is AF?
What is its mechanisms?
What is it associated with? e.g stroke, HF,
What are risk factors for AF?
Symptoms of AF?
Classification:
ECG findings:
Classification of AF
AF management?
How do we choose anticoagulation
How do we assess risk of bleeding?
AF management choices:
What is definite?
Wide Complex Tachycardia: VT VF
What are the ECG features?
Where does it originate?
What do you need to do immediatley?
Ventricular tachycardia:
Causes?
Sustained vs non sustained?
What are ECG features?
What can appear similair?
How should you always treat them (like they have VT)
What features favour VT
No response to adenosine
Management of VT?
What is Torsades De pointes?
What is it caused by?
How is it treated?
