Essential Words 400 Flashcards
abandon
Verb
To leave, to give up
دست کشیدن، رها کردن
to save their lives, the sailors had to abandon the sinking ship
abandonment
Noun
ترک، واگذاری
adversly
adv In a harmful way; negatively به طور ناخوشایندی excessive rainfall early in the spring can adversely affect the planting of crops Usage tips: Adversely is often followed by affect
adverse
adj
ناخوشایند، مضر
harmful
adversity
noun
سختی، فلاکت، مشقت، بدبختی
aggregate
adj
جمع آمده
It is impossible to judge last year’s performance without knowing the aggregate sales numbers
noun, verb
جمع، مجموع، جمع کردن، جمع شدن
usage tips
aggregate is often followed by a term like sum, total or numbers
cultivation
Noun
Preparing the land to grow crops; improvement for agricultural purposes
Ex; Preparing the land cultivation, hunters and gatherers were able to settle in one place
Verb
cultivate
fertilize
Verb
کود دادن، حاصل خیز کردن
To supply with nourishment for plants by adding helpful substances to the soil
Ex; tomatoes grow well here because the farmers fertilize their soil with nitrogen
fertilization
Noun
عمل کود‌دادن
fertilizer
Noun
a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility
intensify
Verb
to increase in power; to act with increased strength
تشدید کردن، شدید شدن
Jacob’s long absence from Rose intensified his certainty that he should marry her
intensification
Noun
The action of making or becoming more intense
intense
Adj
شدید
intensity
Noun
شدت
irrigation
Noun The supplying of water to dry land آبیاری In dry areas of the country, you can see ditches all over the farmland for irrigation Verb irrigate آبیاری کردن
obtain
Verb
To gain possession of; to get
به دست آوردن، حاصل شدن
After a series of difficult interviews, he finally was able to obtain the job
photosynthesis
Noun
the process by witch green plants make their own food by combining water, salts, and cabon dioxide in presence of light
فتوسنتز
Oxygen is a by-product of the process of photosynthesis
Verb
Photosynthesize
precipitation
Noun
Water that falls to the Earth’s surface
In the Pacific Northwest, the high level of precipitation ensures rich, green plant life
disaster
اسم
فاجعه، مصیبت، حادثه بد
anticipate
verb
To expect; to sense something before it happens
پیش بینی کردن
Ex; by placing sensors in earthquake-prone areas, scientists can anticipate some tremors in time to warn the public
anticipation
Noun
پیش بینی
anticipatory
Adj
پیش بینانه
catastropic
Adj
Extremely harmful; causing financial or physical ruin
مصیبت بار
The architect died in a catastrophic elevator accident
catastrophe
Noun
فاجعه، مصیبت
catastrophycally
adv
مصیبت بارانه
collide
Verb
To come together with great or violent force
بهم خوردن، تصادم کردن
Ex; as usual, their holiday was ruined when their in-laws’ views on politics collided with their own
collision
Noun
برخورد، تصادم
eruption
Noun
A sudden, often violent, outburst
فوران
Ex, the eruption of mount st. Helens in 1980 caused 57 deaths and immeasurable change to the face of the mountain
Usage tips: eruption is often followed by an of phrase
erupt
Verb
فوران کردن
famine
Noun
Sever hunger; a drastic food shortage
قحطی
The potato famine in Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century caused large numbers of Irish people to emigrate to Amrica
flood
Noun
An overflowing of water; an excessive amount
سیل
The constant rain and poor drainage system caused a flood in town
The political party sent out a flood of letters criticizing their opponenta
Verb
cover or submerge (a place or area) with water
impact
Noun
A strong influence
ضربه، اثر شدید
The speech about the importance of education made an impact on me
Usage tip: impact is usually followed by on or of
Verb
Having a strong effect on someone or something
persevere
Verb
To keep going, despite obstacles or discouragement; to maintain a purpose
پشتکار داشتن، ثابت قدم‌ماندن
The hikers persevered despite the bad weather and icy trail
perseverance
Noun
ثبات قدم، مداومت
plunge
Verb
To go down suddenly; to decrease by a great amount in a short time
شیرجه زدن، کاهش یافتن خیلی سریع
He jumped off the diving board and plunged into the pool
The value of the company’s stock plunged after its chief executive was arrested
Usage tips; plunge is often followed by an into phrase
Noun
شیرجه
unleash
Verb
To release a thing or an emotion
رها کردن، بروز دادن
when they saw the strange man on their property, they unleashed their dogs
He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to unleashed his feelings
adjust
Verb
وفق دادن، سازگار کردن، تطبیق دادن
adapt
Verb
To adjust to the circumstances; to make suitable
سازگار کردن یا شدن، وفق دادن، عادت دادن
Dinosaurs couldn’t adapt to the colder temperatures
The teacher adapted the exercises for his more advanced students
Usage tips; adapt is often followed by to
adaptation
Noun
انطباق، سازگاری
adaptable
Adj
سازگار، سازش پذیر
adaptor
Noun
آداپتور
diverse
Adj
various; showing a lot of differences within a group
متنوع، گوناگون
India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world
Usage tips; an -ly adverb(e.g., linguistically) often comes before diverse
diversify
Verb
make or become more diverse or varied
متنوع کردن، گوناگون ساختن
diversity
Noun
تنوع، گوناگونی
diversification
Noun
تنوع، گوناگونی
forth
Adv
جلو، پیش
evolve
Verb
To develop; to come forth
Modern-day sharks evolved from their ancestor Eryops, which lived more than 200 milion years ago
Usage tips; evolve is often followed by into or from
evolution
Noun
تکامل، تحول
evolutionist
Noun
کماگرا، معتقد به فرضیه کمال گرایی
evolutionary
Adj
تکامل یافته
feature
Noun
Part, characteristic
ویژگی، خصیصه
The best feature of this car is its heated seats
Usage tips; feature is often followed by of
Verb
نمایان کردن
generation
Noun
A group of people born at about the same time
نسل
As older managers retired, a new generation of leaders took control of the company
Usage tips; before generation, an adjective like new, next, earlier, or older is common. Generation is often followed by of
generational
Adj
نسلی
evolution
Noun
تکامل، تحول
evolutionist
Noun
کماگرا، معتقد به فرضیه کمال گرایی
evolutionary
Adj
تکامل یافته
feature
Noun
Part, characteristic
ویژگی، خصیصه
The best feature of this car is its heated seats
Usage tips; feature is often followed by of
Verb
نمایان کردن
generation
Noun
A group of people born at about the same time
نسل
As older managers retired, a new generation of leaders took control of the company
Usage tips; before generation, an adjective like new, next, earlier, or older is common. Generation is often followed by of
generational
Adj
نسلی
evolution
Noun
تکامل، تحول
evolutionist
Noun
کماگرا، معتقد به فرضیه کمال گرایی
evolutionary
Adj
تکامل یافته
feature
Noun
Part, characteristic
ویژگی، خصیصه
The best feature of this car is its heated seats
Usage tips; feature is often followed by of
Verb
نمایان کردن
generation
Noun
A group of people born at about the same time
نسل
As older managers retired, a new generation of leaders took control of the company
Usage tips; before generation, an adjective like new, next, earlier, or older is common. Generation is often followed by of
generational
Adj
نسلی
bordom
Noun
خستگی
harvest
Noun
the process or period of gathering in crops.
“helping with the harvest”
germ
Noun
a microorganism, especially one that causes disease.
جرم، میکروب
upstream
Noun
moving or situated in the opposite direction from that in which a stream or river flows; nearer to the source.
contaminate
Verb
آلودن، عفونی کردن
contaminant
اسم
آلوده کننده
resident
Noun
مقیم، ساکن
