Essential Nutrients (lesson 1) Flashcards
What are the six essential nutrients?
1) Carbs
2) Portein
3) Lipids (fats)
4) Vitamins
5) Minerals
6) Water
Where does carbs come from and how can we get it?
Are they simple or complex?
It comes from plant and plant products
Eg. Grains/flower, veggies, fruits, legumes
They are complex molecules made of simpler parts
What happens to digested carbs?
get broken down into simple parts (sugar)
What are the types of sugars?
1)Monosaccharides: simplest sugars
2) Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides together
3) Polysaccharides: Many monosaccharides
What is the function of carbs?
1) Provide cells with energy
2) Roughage in diet
3) Function as energy storage units
What is the difference of complex and simple carbs with the types of saccharides?
Polysaccharides are complex, which are good carbs that include starch and fibre, and takes more energy to digest
Mono and disaccharides are simple, which are bad carbs that’s high in sugars like white sugar, and that use little energy to digest it
What is the 5 functions of proteins?
1) Structural proteins
2) Blood
3) Regulation
4) Enzymes
5) Energy
What is kwashiorkor?
Humans experiencing famine
Caused: Serere protein deficiency
Symptoms: Thinning hair and oedema (swollen belly)
What are the types of proteins bonds?
1) Dipeptides: Two aa bonded together and makes peptide bond
2) Polypeptides: More than two aa bonded together and can form chains, rings, and other complex shapes. Also they are all bonded with peptide bonds
What are the sources of proteins?
1) Animal protein which are complete proteins. eg: Red meat, fish, dairy products
2) Plant products which are incomplete proteins. eg: Cereals, rice, nuts
What are lipids made out of and what do they do during digestion?
Made out of fatty acids and glycerols
During digestion they are broken, absorbed into blood from small intestine
Difference of saturated and unsaturated fats
1) Saturated fats: From animal sources, solid at room temp, increase cholesterol levels eg: Bacon, Cheese, milk
2) Unsaturated fats: From plant sources and normally liquids at room temp eg: canola oil, corn oil, veg oil
What are the 5 functions of lipids?
1) Insulator
2) Shock absorber
3) Energy
4) Building blocks
5) Vitamins
What happens to too much cholesterol?
Build- up of plaque spreads in arteries and interferes with normal blood circulation
What is arteriosclerosis?
Disorder of blood blood vessels
caused by build-up of plaque and other fats in blood vessel
It can lead to heart attacks and strokes
What are LDL and HDL?
LDL (low density lipoproteins) is bad cholesterol
HDL (high density lipoproteins) is good cholesterol that attract LDLs and carry them to the liver to be broken
