Esophageal Ca.

Question 1

Q1: What is the normal esophagus lining ?

Answer 1

Non-Keratinized Stratified Sq. Ep.

Question 2

Q2: What is the most probable diagnosis ?

Answer 2

Esphogeal Ca.

Question 3

Q3. What are the etiological factors of cancer esophagus in this patient ?

Answer 3

Alcoholic / Smoker / GERD

Question 4

Q4. What is the effect of prolonged GERD?

Answer 4

Chronic irritation – > MEtaplesia – > barret’s esophagus – > Adenocracinoma

Question 5

Q5. Which test you would like to do for this patient ?

Answer 5

Esophageal endocopy / EUS +Take biopsy / FNAC

Question 6

Q6: What the obtained cells will tell you ?

Answer 6

Stage / Grade / IHC

Question 7

Q7.What is the stain used in IHC ?

Answer 7

Cytokeratin

Question 8

Q8: What are the treatment options for esophageal cancer?

Answer 8

If operable
* Esophagectomy + radiotherapy (Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy or Mckeown esophagogastrectomy)
If non-operable
* Debulking
* Self-expanding metallic stent
* Palliative chemo & radiotherapy
* Feeding jejunostomy

Question 9

Q9. if patient develops pleural effusion, What are the possible causes ?

Answer 9

Spread to pleaura / Mets to lung / Obstruction of Thoracic duct / Nutritional

Question 10

Q10. What pathological test to do ?

Answer 10

Effusion – > cytology / Gram staining / microbiology of culture

Question 11

Q11: How to treat ?

Answer 11

Thoracocentesis / Indw Pl. Cath / Pleaurodesis / Pleuroperitoneal shunt

Question 12

Q12: The patient developed enlarged supraclavicular lymph node , what will you do ?

Answer 12

FNAC

Question 13

Q13: Investigations of MI?

Answer 13

Labs; Troponin levels – CKMB Levels
ECG / ECHO

Question 14

Q14: what Is troponin ?

Answer 14

Complex of 3 regulatory ptns (C,I,T) that’s integral to ms contraction

Question 15

Q15: where is it found ?

Answer 15

Cardiac and Skeletal Ms