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RE GCSE Revision Flashcards > Eschatology > Flashcards

Eschatology Flashcards

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1
Q

Eschatology

A

The study of what will happen at the end of time. Originates from the greek word eskhatos meaning last

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2
Q

Judgement

A

The belief that God will judge humanity on their beliefs and actions

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3
Q

Death

A

When the brain and body stop functioning permanently and you go to heaven,hell or purgatory

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4
Q

Cosmic Reconciliation

A

At the end of time, the whole of creation will be reconciled (brought together in harmony) with God

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5
Q

Anointing the Sick

A

A sacrament that helps them to endure their suffering by strengthening their faith, as well as joining their suffering to that of Christ

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6
Q

Sanctity of Life

A

Christians believe that all life is sacred (special) as it was created by God

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7
Q

Heaven

A

Heaven is where God lives and is a place of eternal happiness

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8
Q

Hell

A

Where the devil rules and is a place of eternal punishment

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9
Q

Purgatory

A

A State of cleansing to remove the effect of sin, to help a person acept the full presence of God

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10
Q

Last Rites

A

Where the priest visits the dying. They will pray with the dying, hear their last confession and anoint them with oil

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11
Q

Funerals

A

To provide rituals and liturgies to support the grieving

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12
Q

Euthanasia

A

The painless killing of a patient suffering from a terminal illness

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13
Q

What does Mark 13:24-25 say about the end of time?

A

The Bible suggests the end of time will be signalled by cosmic disasters - frightening, large-scale events such as the sun darkening or the stars falling from heaven

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14
Q

What will happen after the end of time?

A
  • The Son of Man (Jesus) will come to judge the whole of creation
    - The end of the current world order will lead to the creation of a new one
    - The Reign of God will be established
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15
Q

What did Jesus’ resurrection teach Christians?

A

Jesus’ resurrection taught Christians that life continues after death in the presence of God

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16
Q

What are the differences between resurrection now and then?

A

Beliefs about resurrection used to be the world will end shortly and all people would be taken into the presence of God. However this has changed and Christians have to live the life of resurrection while they are alive on Earth resisting sin to prepare them for judgement after death

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17
Q

St Paul’s Letter about resurrection - 1 Corinthian 15

A

“So it is with the resurrection of the dead. What is sown is perishable, what is raised is imperishable. It is sown in dishonour, it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness, it is raised in power. It is sown a physical body, it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a physical body, there is also a spiritual body”

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18
Q

What does St Paul compare in 1 Corinthian 15?

A

Here Paul compares the relationship between the earthly body and the resurrected body to the relationship between a seed and the plant that grows from it. In some ways they are the same thing, but they are also different from each other

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19
Q

What does the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus say and mean?

A

• The rich man ‘feasted sumptuously every day’ but didn’t share any of his food with Lazarus - Wealth can make it easier to forget the needs of others
• The torment and suffering of hell are shown by the rich man pleadi for some water; he says that he is ‘in agony in these flames’ - Hell is a place of torment where people are cut off from any relationship with God
• Abraham tells the rich man that there is a ‘great chasm’ between heaven and hell, and it is not possible to cross from one to the other - It is not possible to move between heaven and hell
• Abraham replies that, ‘If they do not listen to Moses and the prophe neither will they be convinced even if someone rises from the dead - Having faith in God, and following Jesus’ teachings, will lead people to heaven

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20
Q

What is Purgatory?

A

Purgatory is a cleansing process, ratner than a place where the effecs of sins are removed so that the person can feel happy in the full presence of God.All those who are in purgatory are on their way to heaven

The sense of pain in purgatory is from the removal of sins and hope comes from the fact heaven awaits when the purifying is finished

Those in purgatory need the support and the prayers of other people so that the cleansing process might be completed quickly

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21
Q

What are the four last things?

A
  • Death
  • Judgement
  • Heaven
  • Hell
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22
Q

What do Catholics believe about Death?

A

• For Christians, death is a transition to a new phase of life
• Death is not something to fear, because it is the start of eternal life without the limitations of the earthly body
• While the body dies, the soul continues to live on
• The soul is judged by God and sent to heaven or hell (Catholics believe souls might also be sent to purgatory)
• At the end of time, at the final judgement, the body and soul will be reunited in a perfect form

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23
Q

What do Catholics believe about Judgement?

A

• Catholics believe that after they die they will be judged by God
• God will consider everything a person has done during their lifetime
• This is the moment of truth when people have to accept responsibility for all of their actions
• Some Catholics believe that while God judges them, they also judge themselves in the light of his love
• Because Jesus died so all people could be saved, Christians believe God’s judgement will be merciful

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24
Q

What do Catholics believe about heaven?

A

• If people are judged favourably, they will enter heaven
• Heaven is the state of eternal happiness in the presence of God
• In heaven, God’s love removes all cares and worries
• God wants all people to join him in heaven, but he also respects people’s free will. This means people have to choose to accept God in order to enter heaven

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25
Q

What do Catholics believe about Hell?

A

• If people are judged unfavourably, they will enter hell
• Hell is the state of eternal separation from God
• Christians believe God doesn’t send people to hell; people send themselves by not accepting God
• People in hell are aware of what they have thrown away, and exist in a state of frustration and anger at themselves

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26
Q

What are the different types of judgement?

A
  • Particular judgement
  • Final judgement
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27
Q

What is Particular Judgement?

A

When God judges you based on your personality, and your personal basis and your response will be the deciding factor whether you go to heaven,hell or purgatory

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28
Q

What is Final Judgement?

A

When Christ will come in glory and the whole of creation will be judged. The reign of God nere will be established and will be the completion of the new creation, when God will make everything perfect

29
Q

How does Michaelangelo’s “The Last Judgement” depict The Last Judgement?

A

• All charaters in michelangelo’s orginial painting are naked. This shows that in last judgement all people are equal
• The river is the one crossed by those who are to be sent to hell and Charon is the ferryman who takes people to hell
• Angels blowing trumpets. This refers to the angels in the book of revelation

30
Q

What is the symbolism found in Michaelangelo’s “The Last Judgement”?

A

• Painting reflects the parable of the sheep and goats.Wicked on jesus’ right
• Jesus is shown as a powerful being and he carries wounds of his crucifixion which shows that Jesus came to his glory and his judge through obedience and suffering
• The general movement on the right of the painting is downwards. Towards the bottom are shown the River Styx and Charon the boatman. These are taken from Roman mythology
• Painting reflects the parable of the sheep and goats.Good on jesus’ left
• St Lawrence is holding the gridiron on which he was roasted
• Near to Jesus are some saints who are holding the instruments that were used for their own torture and death
• St Bartholomew is carrying the knife with which he was tortured

31
Q

Why does the Anointing of the Sick take place?

A

The anointing of the sick is a sacrament centred around the action of anointing a sick person with holy oil

32
Q

What happens during the Sacrament of the Annointing of the Sick?

A

• The sacrament begins with the priest sprinkling the room and patient with holy water
• The priest lays their hands on the head of the sick person, calling down the power and strength of the Holy Spirit
• The priest blesses a small amount of oil (the oil of the sick), then he anoints the forehead and hands of the sick person with this oil
• The sick person confesses their sins to the priest, who forgives them
• Holy Communion is given to the sick person

33
Q

What is the meaning of what happens in the Annointing of the Sick?

A

• This is a reminder of baptism

• The Holy Spirit fills the person to give them a sense of peace, and the strength to resist the temptation of sin
It also gives them the courage to overcome the doubt and despair their illness may have caused
• Through this anointing, the priest asks God to help the person, saying, Through this holy anointing may the Lord in his love and mercy help you with the grace of the Holy Spirit!

• The anointing gives hope of a new life, whether this is a restoration to full health in this life or the promise of eternal happiness with God
• The person can face the future with a clear conscience, which helps them to feel more positive

• This shows that Christ is present with the person, supporting them through their illness

34
Q

What is the Viaticum?

A

The commendation of the dying is a short service centred around the dying person receiving their last Holy Communion

35
Q

What happens in the Sacrament of the Commendation of the Dead?

A

• The dying person may hold a crucifix
• The dying person may repeat the promises that were made at their baptism
• A Bible reading and prayers are given, including a Liturgy of the Saints
• The dying person receives their last Holy Communion
• At the moment of death a prayer might be said which includes the words, ‘go forth, Christian soul, from this world … May you live in peace this day, may your home be with God in Zion’

36
Q

What is the meaning of the actions done in the Commendation of the Dead?

A
  • A reminder they are sharing in Christ’s death
    - The dying person is reminded of their faith in God
    - This gives them confidence in the hope they will experience God’s love in heaven after they die

- The reading assures the person that God is with them
- The Litany of the Saints asks the saints for their prayers as the dying person faces God’s judgement

- Shows that Christ is with the person on their journey from death to new life

- Expresses the hope that the person will be able to experience eternal peace and happiness with God in heaven after they die

37
Q

What are the 4 things that Happen in the Funeral Rite?

A
  • Reception of the Body
  • Funeral Mass
  • The Committal
  • At the Gave or In the Crematorium
38
Q

What happens in the Reception of the Body in the Funeral Rite?

A

• The body is taken to church in its coffin
• At the church doors, the coffin is sprinkled with holy water (the water that is blessed and used in baptism)
• The coffin is placed beside the lit Paschal candle

39
Q

What is the symbolism of what happens in the Reception of the Body in the Funeral Rite?

A
  • This represents the deceased person being taken back to God

- This is a reminder of baptism
- The person was baptised into Christ’s death and now joins in Christ’s resurrection

- This shows the light of the Risen Christ is shining on the person

40
Q

What happens in the Funeral Mass in the Funeral Rite?

A
  • The priest holds a Mass
    - This funeral Mass is often called a requiem, which is a Latin word meaning ‘rest’

- The readings of the Mass focus on the effects of Christ’s resurrection
- John 11:25-26 is often used as a reading, which includes the line l am the resurrection and the life… everyone who lives and believes in me will never die’

41
Q

What is the symbolism of what happens in the Reception of the Body in the Funeral Rite?

A

• The whole Mass is centred around praying that the deceased person is now resting in the presence of God in heaven, with all their sins forgiven
• This reflects the belief that Christ’s death and resurrection made life after death possible, by opening up heaven to those who accept God

42
Q

What happens in the Committal in the Funeral Rite?

A
  • Holy water is sprinkled over the coffin

- The priest waves smoke from burning incense over the coffin

- As the coffin is blessed, the congregation says or sings, ‘May the angels lead you to paradise and with poor man Lazarus of old may you enjoy eternal life’

- A prayer is said for the mourners

43
Q

What is the symbolism of what happens in thr Committal?

A
  • A reminder of baptism

- God gave the dead person to the community for a time and not the family is returning the person to God
- The rising smoke of the incense represents people’s prayers being offered up to God on behalf of the deceased

- This expresses the hope the deceased will spend eternity in heaven
- The mention of Lazarus is a reference to the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (see page 100)

• This reflects the hope they will meet the deceased person again in heaven

44
Q

What happens at the Gave or in the Crematorium in the Funeral Rite?

A
  • At the burial or cremation, the Lord’s Prayer is said
    - The coffin is sprinkled with holy water
    - There are prayers for the person’s eternal happiness with God
45
Q

What is the symbolism of what happens at the Gave or in the Crematorium in the Funeral Rite?

A

This reflects the belief the deceased person was a child of God, who has now hopefully been returned to his loving care

46
Q

What is the Catholic belief about Burial and Cremation?

A

Traditionally, dead Catholics would be buried in consecrated ground. These days Catholics are allowed to be cremated in most dioceses.Cremation is permitted for Catholics as long as it is not chosen in denial of Christian teaching on the Resurrection and the sacredness of the human body

47
Q

What is a tombstone?

A

A tombstone is a large carved stone that is placed over a person’s grave. It indicates the location of the person’s grave, so it can be treated with respect

48
Q

What is usually on tombstones?

A
  • Often inscribed with the letters ‘R.I.P. - Stands for ‘Requiescat in pace’ or ‘May he/she rest in peace: a prayer expressing hope that the person is in heaven, enjoying the peace and happiness of eternal life
  • Catholic tombstones are often shaped like a cross - Indicates the person believed in Jesus and expresses the hope they will be resurrected with Jesus to eternal life
49
Q

What is a momument?

A

A monument is a structure that is built to remember an important person or event.
Some monuments have been built for Catholic saints to indicate how important they were, such as for St Edward the Confessor (in Westminster Abbey) and St Thomas Becket (in Canterbury Cathedral)

50
Q

How were momuments put in the past for wealthy Christians?

A

In the past, some wealthy Christians were buried in sarcophagi (highly decorated coffins) with the Chi-Rho symbol on them - Shows the person believed in Jesus. Also a reminder of the belief that Jesus died so everyone would be able to experience eternal life in heaven

51
Q

How were momuments put in the Middle Ages for wealthy Christians?

A

In the Middle Ages, monuments were often decorated with skeletons and other symbols of decay - Reflects the belief that no matter how important or wealthy a person is, they face death and God’s judgement just like everyone else

52
Q

What is a Memorial Garden?

A

A memorial garden is an outside area where the ashes of people who have been cremated (burnt) can be kept. Many Catholics today choose to be cremated because there is not enough space to be buried. Their ashes are kept in a container or urn, which may be placed in a remembrance garden or a cemetery

53
Q

What are Memorial Gardens like?

A

Remembrance gardens are designed to be areas of peace and beauty - Helps mourners to reflect on the peace and beauty of heaven, where the person who has died is hopefully present

Remembrance gardens are quiet, reflective spaces - Helps people to mourn for their loved ones in peace in a place where they feel close to them, as this is where their bodily remains are at rest

54
Q

What is Cosmic Reconciliation?

A

• Adam and Eve’s sin broke the harmony of creation
• Jesus’ death and resurrection helped restore it
• At the end of time, the whole of creation will be restored - made perfect

55
Q

What did Julian of Norwich say about Cosmic Reconciliation?

A
  • These teachings are seen in the writings of Julian of Norwich who recieved visions from Jesus. In one, she asked him why there is sin and hell
- Jesus replied. “ It was necessary that there should be sin, but all shall be well, and all shall be and all manner of thing shall well
56
Q

Why is sin necessary?

A
  • Sin is necessary because God gave us free will
  • Sin will be defeated and all things will be made perfect at the end of time
57
Q

What are the Three Parts of the Church?

A

At the end of time, Christ will come in glory as the judge and saviour. Catholics must live on earth in this hope

58
Q

How do we prepare for the end of time from the Second Vatican Council?

A

• Follow Jesus’ teachings
• Keep Faith in God
• Perform good actions
• Do not commit mortar (serious ) sins
• If you do commit a mortal sin, confess and be truly sorry

59
Q

How do Catholics believe where you go in the afterlife works?

A
  • No one is predestined to go to heaven or hell. People have the free will to choose whether to accept God or not
    - This means that God doesn’t send people to hell; people send themselves to hell by choosing to reject God
    - All Catholics can therefore determine what happens to them after they die through the choices they make during their lives
    - The Church teaches that people should be constantly preparing for the end of time, as no one knows when this will happen. They should always strive to follow Jesus’ teachings while they are alive
60
Q

What is the Sanctity of Life?

A
  • All human life is holy and sacred, because it has been created by God
    - All life should therefore be respected and valued. Life does not become any less valuable when a person becomes ill or elderly
    - All life belongs to God. If anyone intentionally damages or destroys a human life then they are rejecting a gift from God
61
Q

What is the Catholic belief on Care for the Dying?

A

People have a duty to give the ill and elderly all the care and support they need, so they can maintain their dignity until they die. Showing care for the dying should be central to any decisions that are made about their treatment

62
Q

What is Euthanasia?

A

Euthanasia describes a situation where someone intentionally helps another person to die in order to end their suffering

63
Q

Why is the Catholic Church against Euthanasia?

A

• It is considered to be murder and morally unacceptable
• Only God has the right to take away life
• Suffering can be seen as a way to share in the suffering of Jesus on the cross
• Suffering is part of being human but may be reduced with medication
• It lowers the value and dignity of life - all life should be valued and respected, even if a person is ill and suffering

64
Q

Whilst the Catholic Church is against Euthanasia, what do they also believe?

A

While the Catholic Church is against euthanasia, it does not believe a person’s life should be deliberately prolonged by treatments that have no real benefit for the dying person. This means a person who is close to death shouldn’t receive treatment that will only prolong their suffering but has no other real benefits

65
Q

What are the symbols found on the Paschal Candle?

A

Priest traces the Alpha and Omega - show Christ is eternal

66
Q

What are the uses of the Paschal Candle at the Easter Vigil?

A

• Priest inserts 5 grains of insense into the candle - represents the five wounds of Christ
• The priest lights a fire - the light of Christ rising from the tomb
• Paschas candle is lit from the fire - the light of Christ overcomes sin and death

67
Q

What are the other uses of the Paschal Candle?

A

The light from this conch lights peoples candles all can share in overcoming sin and death

68
Q

FINISHED

A

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RE GCSE Revision Flashcards (10 decks)

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