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Clinical Pathology > Erythrocyte Morphology > Flashcards

Erythrocyte Morphology Flashcards

0
Q

Iron deficiency is seen with which type of anemia?

A

Mircocytic anemia

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1
Q

Regeneration is indicative of which type of anemia?

A

Macrocytic anemia

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2
Q

RBCs of normal size are seen with which type of anemia?

A

Normacytic anemia

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3
Q

What does polychromasia refer to?

A

The blue color of young cells.

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4
Q

Hypochromasia mean what?

A

Less color due to less hemoglobin.

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5
Q

You should see polychromasia with what?

A

Blood loss and blood destruction caused anemias.

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6
Q

Are “punched out” or “bowl” shaped RBCs examples of true hypochromasia?

A

No

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7
Q

What are 3 types of spiculated RBCs?

A
  • Acanthocytes
  • Echinocytes
  • Keratocytes
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8
Q

What are schistocytes?

A

Fragmented RBCs

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9
Q

How do echinocytes appear?

A

Numerous short spicules.

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10
Q

What are 5 examples of causes of echinocytes?

A
  • Crenation (slow drying blood film)
  • In-vivo formation
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Non-specific diseases (kidney disease)
  • Rattlesnake envenomation
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11
Q

How do acanthocytes appear?

A

Few unevenly distributed projections.

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12
Q

What are acanthocytes due to?

A

Changes in lipid concentrations in RBC membrane.

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13
Q

What are 3 examples of conditions where you might see acanthocytes?

A
  • Human with liver disease
  • Cats with hepatic lipidosis
  • Dogs with hemangiosarcoma
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14
Q

What are 2 possible causes of schistocytes (RBC fragmentation)?

A
  • Intravascular trauma (DIC, vascular tumors)

- Iron deficiency anemia

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15
Q

What do keratocytes appear like?

A

One or two quite long spicules, often formed by breaking open of “blisters”.

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16
Q

What is the most common anemia keratocytes are seen with?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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17
Q

How do spherocytes appear?

A

RBCs that appear small and lack central pallor.

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18
Q

In which species are spherocytes easy to recognize?

A

Dog

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19
Q

Do spherocytes have a normal volume?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What does the presence of spherocytes suggest?

A

IMHA (antibody directed against RBC membrane)

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21
Q

RBC destruction within vessels is known as what?

A

Intravascular hemolysis

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22
Q

Shifting of hemoglobin to one side of cell, resulting in clear zone outline by membrane is known as a what?

A

Eccentrocytes

23
Q

What are eccentrocytes caused by?

A

Oxidative damage such as may be seen with ingestion of onions in dogs.

24
Q

What are eccentrocytes are often seen in conjunction with what?

A

Heinz bodies

25
Q

What are 3 types of cells that are of little diagnostic significance?

A
  • “Target cells”
  • “Bowl” shaped cells
  • Folded cells
26
Q

What is a torocyte?

A

A bowl-shaped erythrocyte

27
Q

What shape cells have a mouth like clear area in the center of the RBC?

A

Stomatocytes

28
Q

Are stomatocytes significant?

A

No and few are usually present.

29
Q

What are 3 breeds where you may see hereditary stomatocytosis?

A
  • Alaskan malamutes (dwarf)
  • Miniature schnauzers
  • Drentse partrijshond (inherited GI abnormalities)
30
Q

What are Heinz bodies caused by?

A

Oxidatively denatured hemoglobin

31
Q

What are 3 causes of Heinz bodies in cats?

A
  • Acetaminophen
  • Propylene glycol
  • Illness: lymphoma, hyperthyroidism, diabetes
32
Q

What is a cause of Heinz bodies specific to dogs?

A

Cephalosporins

33
Q

What are 3 other causes of Heinz bodies?

A
  • Onions
  • Garlic powder
  • Zinc toxicosis (penny ingestion)
34
Q

What are 2 things that can cause Heinz bodies in horses?

A
  • Phenothiazine

- Wilted red maple leaves

35
Q

What are 2 things that could cause Heinz bodies in cattle?

A
  • Kale

- Onions

36
Q

What is an example of something that can cause Heinz bodies in sheep?

A

Copper toxicosis

37
Q

Abnormal aggregation of ribosomes can cause what?

A

Basophilic stippling

38
Q

T/F: Basophilic stippling is normal in ruminants.

A

True

39
Q

What can be seen with very regenerative anemia in cats and dogs?

A

Basophilic stippling

40
Q

A significant amount of basophilic stippling in a small animals can indicate the possibility of what?

A

Lead poisoning

41
Q

Nucleated RBCs and Howell-Jolly bodies can be seen with what type of anemia?

A

Regenerative anemia

42
Q

What 2 things can be seen with non-functioning spleens or splenectomies?

A
  • Nucleated RBCs

- Howell-Jolly bodies

43
Q

Increased use of corticosteroids can lead to an increase in what 2 things?

A
  • Nucleated RBCs

- Howell-Jolly bodies

44
Q

If number of nucleated RBCs and Howell-Jolly bodies is out of proportion to the degree of anemia, what condition should be considered?

A

Lead poisoning

45
Q

What are 4 examples of RBC parasites of dogs and cats?

A
  • Mycoplasma haemofelis
  • Cytauxzoon felis
  • Mycoplasma haemocanis
  • Babesia canis and gibsoni
46
Q

Is Mycoplasma haemofelis fairly rare or common in cats?

A

Fairly common

47
Q

T/F: Cytauxzoon felis is usually fatal?

A

True

48
Q

Mycoplasma haemocanis is considered to be very rare or common in dogs?
What is an exception?

A
  • Vary rare

- Non-functioning spleen or splenectomy

49
Q

Can Mycoplasma haemofelis and Mycoplasma haemocanis be found inside the RBC or on the surface?

A

On the surface of the RBC.

50
Q

What are 2 things that can be seen with RBCs with Mycoplasma haemocanis?

A
  • Spherocytes

- Agglutination

51
Q

Rouleaux formation is normal in what species?

A

Horses

52
Q

What does rouleaux formation suggest in small animals?

A

Increased globulin

53
Q

What does RBC agglutination on a film suggest?

A

Antibody attachment to RBCs (IMHA)

54
Q

To differentiate rouleaux formation from agglutination, what do you do?
What do the results indicate?

A
  • Add isotonic saline to drop of blood.

- RBCs disperse: it is rouleaux/ if persists: agglutination

Clinical Pathology (12 decks)

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