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Clinical Pathology > 2-Myeloid Neoplasms > Flashcards

2-Myeloid Neoplasms Flashcards

0
Q

Myeloid neoplasms include cancers with rapid progression, gradual progression or both?

A

Both

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1
Q

What condition manifests as either lack of normal cells in the blood or presence of neoplastic cells?

A

Myeloid neoplasm

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2
Q

What is used to distinguish acute from chronic myeloid neoplasms?

A

Percentage of blast cells in marrow.

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3
Q

What are 2 examples of myeloid cancers with gradual progression?

A
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes

- Myeloproliferative neoplasms

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4
Q

Variable manifestations, usually with subtle morphologic abnormalities can be seen with which type of myeloid cancers with gradual progression?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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5
Q

Usually some form of cytopenia that may be single or in combination, including non-regenerative anemia, neutropenia and/or thrombocytenia can be seen with what?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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6
Q

Bone marrow may be hypocellular, of normal cellularity or hypercellular with what condition?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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7
Q

Erythrocytes and RBC precursors are usually abnormally large and very variable in size leading to macrocytosis and anisocytosis (widening of RBC histogram) with what condition?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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8
Q

Platelets and neutrophils may also be abnormally large with what condition?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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9
Q

Dysynchrony of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation events can be seen with what condition?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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10
Q

Is myelodysplasia often pre- or post-leukemic?

A

Pre-leukemic

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11
Q

What are 3 species myelodysplasia is reported in?

A
  • Dog
  • Cat
  • Horse
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12
Q

Myelodysplasia can be induced by cats with what pre-existing condition?

A

FeLV

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13
Q

What are 3 clinical signs of MDS?

A
  • Lethargy
  • Anorexia
  • Weight loss
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14
Q

What are 2 possible progressions of MDS seen within weeks of diagnosis?

A
  • Death

- Leukemia

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15
Q

Acute myeloid leukemias must have what percentage or greater of blast cells in the bone marrow to be classified as such?

A

20%

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16
Q

Can the percentage of blasts in the blood seen with acute myeloid leukemia be variable?

A

Yes

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17
Q

In what species is acute myeloid leukemia (AML) usually due to genetic abnormality that affects cellular proliferation and maturation?

A

Humans

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18
Q

What does AML stand for?

A

Acute myeloid leukemia

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19
Q

With acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cytogenetic analysis is routine and important for what 2 things?

A
  • Determining treatment modality

- Prognosis

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20
Q

With AML, almost all cells in the bone marrow are what and cannot be classified based on what 2 things?

A
  • Blasts

- Morphology, cytochemistry

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21
Q

Sometimes AML can be diagnosed based on what 2 things?

A
  • Ultrastructural cytochemistry

- Immunophenotyping

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22
Q

What can be seen in cats with AML?

A

“Reticuloendotheliosis”

23
Q

AML has features of what 2 types of leukemia?

A
  • Erythroid

- Myeloid

24
Q

T/F: Very poorly differentiated myelogenous or myelomonocytic leukemia cannot be differentiated, based on morphology, from lymphoid leukemia.

A

True

25
Q

You see >90% blasts in bone marrow and <10% more differentiated granulocyte precursors with what type of leukemia?

A

Myeloblastic leukemia (M1)

26
Q

You see >20% but 10% differentiated granulocytes and often many promyelocytes with what type of leukemia?

A

Myeloblastic leukemia with differentiation (M2)

27
Q

Immune mediated neutropenia can appear similar to what other condition?

A

Granulocytic leukemia

28
Q

You see myeloblasts and monoblasts >20% in bone marrow and monocytes and granulocytes >20% in what type of leukemia?

A

Myelomonocytic leukemia (M4)

29
Q

You can see promonocytes and monoblasts >80% of non-erythroid cells with what type of leukemia?

A

Monocytic leukemia (M5a)

30
Q

You can see >20% to <80% promonocytes and monoblasts with which type of leukemia?

A

Monocytic leukemia (M5b)

31
Q

You can see erythroid >50% myeloblasts and monoblasts <20% with which type of leukemia?

A

Erythroleukemia (M6)

32
Q

You can see >20% megakaryoblasts and increased megakaryocytes in blood with which type of leukemia?

A

Megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7)

33
Q

To detect megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7), you may need immunocytochemistry to detect reactivity for what 2 things?

A
  • Factor VII-related antigen

- Platelet glycoprotein IIIa

34
Q

With megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7), which can be seen: thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis or both?

A

Both

35
Q

Are chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms in animals common or rare?
What are they difficult to distinguish from?

A
  • Rare

- Hyperplasia

36
Q

Is chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia more common in cats or dogs?

A

Dogs

37
Q

Do you see basophilia and eosinophilia with chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia?

A

Rarely

38
Q

What happens to neutrophil levels with chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia?

A

Marked neutrophilia

39
Q

What type of shift can be seen with chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia?

A

Left shift

40
Q

What is often seen concerning monocytes with chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia?

A

Monocytosis

41
Q

Hypersegmented nuclei, giant metamyelocytes and bands can be seen with what leukemia?

A

Chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia

42
Q

How do you differentiate chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia from MDS?

A

Marked leukocytosis

43
Q

What type of response does chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia need to be differentiated from?

A

Inflammatory response

44
Q

What are 3 factors that can point to a definitive diagnosis of chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia?

A
  • Disorderly left shift
  • “Blast crisis”
  • Usually much more anemia than patients with inflammatory disease
45
Q

Eosinophilic leukemia is common or rare?

It is primarily seen in what type of cats?

A
  • Rare

- FeLV-negative

46
Q

What are 4 signs of eosinophilic leukemia?

A
  • Eosinophilia
  • Immature eosinophils in blood
  • Eosinophil predominance in marrow
  • Eosinophil infiltration of organs
47
Q

Eosinophilic leukemia needs to be differentiated from what?

A

Hypereosinophilic syndrome

48
Q

Eosinophilic leukemia has clinical signs similar to other MPDs but also include what 3 other signs?

A
  • Thickened bowel loops
  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting due to eosinophil infiltration of intestine
49
Q

What are 2 drugs that can be used to treat eosinophilic leukemia that may prolong survival?

A
  • Hydroxyurea

- Prednisone

50
Q

Is chronic basophilic leukemia common or rare?

What 2 species has it been reported in?

A
  • Rare

- Dogs and cats

51
Q

What are 4 things that may be present with chronic basophilic leukemia?

A
  • Basophilia
  • Orderly left shift
  • Maybe thrombocytosis
  • Organ infiltration
52
Q

What do you need to differentiate chronic basophilic leukemia from?

A

Mast cell leukemia

53
Q

Is essential thrombocytothemia common or rare?

A

Very, very rare

54
Q

Iron deficiency anemia inflammation, antineoplastic drug therapy, corticosteroids, neoplasia are all differentials for what condition due to the fact that they all cause thrombocytosis?

A

Essential thrombocythemia

55
Q

Platelet counts greater than what value are seen with essential thrombocythemia?

A

> 1,000,000/ul

56
Q

You can see an increased number of what in the bone marrow in essential thrombocythemia?

A

Megakaryocytes

Clinical Pathology (12 decks)

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