Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development Flashcards
What is the Epigenetic Principle?
Individual develops through 8 stages over lifetime
Each stage people face a crisis that needs to be successfully resolved in order to develop the psychological quality central to each stage
developed strengths are used by ego to resolve future conflicts
Who is Erik Erikson?
ego psychologist
believed we are motivated by the need to achieve competence
addresses development across lifespan
emphasized culture and society
conflict is between needs of individual and society
Trust vs Mistrust
birth - 1.5 yrs (Freud - Oral)
adults meet needs - develop sense of trust in self and others
needs not met - fear - ind. withdrawals when at odds with self and others
Virtue - hope
Autonomy vs Shame
1.5 - 3 yrs (Freud - Anal)
rapid growth (maturation, verbalization, holding on/letting go)
identity building - increase independence
needs not met - inadequacy - immature obsessiveness; procrastination; stubbornness; meek; compliance
Virtue - will
Initiative vs Guilt
3 - 6 yrs (Freud - Phallic)
child asserts self more - with other children
initiates activities/ play is central/ curiosity
needs not met - feelings of inadequacy; child will follow instead of lead; won’t ask questions; slow in interacting with others
Virtue - purpose
Industry vs Inferiority
6 - 12 yrs (beginning puberty) (Freud - Latency)
child builds greater self esteem
will attempt to win approval from those in authority/teachers by demonstrating competency in things that are valued in society
needs not met - feels inferior/doubting own abilities; conformity
Virtue - competence
Identity vs Role Confusion
12 - 18 (adolescence) (Freud - Genital)
*** Crucial Stage
child becoming more independent
want to feel a part of society/ fit in
needs to learn rules he’ll follow as an adult
re-examine self; body image is a part of this
needs not met - I don’t know what I want to be when I grow up; rebellion; confusion
Virtue - fidelity
Intimacy vs Isolation
early adulthood
enter relationships in reciprocal manner
close, personal relationships
moving toward longer term commitments (safety, commitment, care)
needs not met - isolation; loneliness; unhappiness
Virtue - love
Generativity vs Stagnation
middle adulthood
develop concern for next generation
capacity for caring, nurturing, concern for others,
become part of larger picture
careers, families are established, involved in community activities and organizations
needs not met - feel unproductive; caring primarily for self
Virtue - care
Integrity vs Dispair
later adulthood
tend to slow down productivity
exploring life as a retired person
contemplation; acceptance of one’s life meaning/accomplishment; sense of closure
needs not met - feel guilt about past; dissatisfaction; feel; lack of accomplishments; regrets; fear about death
Virtue - wisdom
