ER: Shock

Question 1

Main carrier of oxygen in the blood

Answer 1

Hemoglobin

Question 2

4 causative categories of shock

Answer 2

Cardiogenic
Distributive
Obstructive
Hypovolemic

Question 3

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 3

Results from heart failure

Excludes factors outside the heart (cardiac tamponade, caval syndrome)

Ex: hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, valvular insufficiency or stenosis, arrhythmias, or fibrosis

Question 4

Distributive shock

Answer 4

Shock states associated with flow maldistribution

Ex: sepsis, anaphylaxis, trauma, neurogenic

Question 5

Obstructive shock

Answer 5

Results from a physical obstruction in the circulatory system

Ex: heartworm disease, pericardial effusion, pulmonary embolism, gastric torsion

Question 6

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 6

Result of decreased intravascular volume

Ex: blood loss, third-space loss, fluid losses due to vomiting /diarrhea or diuresis

Question 7

Most common form of shock in animals

Answer 7

Hypovolemic

Question 8

3 stages of hypovolemic shock

Answer 8

I- compensatory
II- decompensated
III- irreversible

Question 9

Signs of compensatory hypovolemic shock

Answer 9

Tachycardia
Decreased pulse quality
Prolonged CRT
Pale mucous membranes
Cool extremities

Question 10

Signs of decompensated hypovolemic shock

Answer 10

Tachycardia
Decreased pulse quality
Muddy mucous membranes
Decreasing BP
Obtunded mental status

Question 11

Hypertonic saline dosing

Answer 11

4-6ml/kg over 5 minutes

Question 12

Normal urine production

Answer 12

1-2ml/kg/hr

Question 13

Normal systolic BP

Answer 13

100 to 160

Question 14

Normal diastolic BP

Answer 14

60 to 100

Question 15

Normal MAP

Answer 15

80 to 120

Question 16

Causes of hypotension

Answer 16

Hypovolemia
Peripheral vasodilation
Decreased cardiac output

Question 17

Normal blood pH

Answer 17

7.35-7.45

Question 18

Acidemia

Answer 18

Blood pH <7.35

Question 19

Alkalemia

Answer 19

Blood pH >7.45