Anatomy: Cardiovascular

Question 1

Mediastinum

Answer 1

Space between the two pleural cavities that contain the lungs

Contains: heart, trachea, esophagus

Question 2

Location of heart (cats and dogs)

Answer 2

Between the 3rd and 7th ribs

Question 3

Pericardial effusion

Answer 3

Excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac

Causes: infection, inflammation, hemorrhage, idiopathic

Question 4

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 4

Pericardial space is overfilled with fluid

Because the outer fibrous pericardium is not elastic, the heart becomes unable to expand normally between contractions

Causes incomplete cardiac filling, decreased stroke volume, and decreased cardiac output

Question 5

Pericardium

Answer 5

Outer layer of the heart

Outer (fibrous) and inner (serous) layers

Question 6

2 main parts of the cardiac cycle

Answer 6

Systole

Diastole

Question 7

Systole

Answer 7

Heart muscle contracts

Blood is ejected from atria to ventricles and then to arteries

Question 8

Diastole

Answer 8

Heart relaxes and refills with blood

Question 9

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 9

“Pacemaker” of the heart

Automatically generates the electrical impulses that trigger repeated beating of the heart