Anatomy: Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Feline vertebral formula
7-13-7-3-(5-23)
Canine vertebral formula
7-13-7-3-(20-23)
Atlas
1st cervical vertebrae
Two large, wing-like transverse processes with bony ring in the center
Axis
2nd cervical vertebrae
Large, blade-like spinous process
Manubrium
Most cranial sternebrae
Xiphoid process
Most caudal sternebrae
Olecranon process
Forms the point of the elbow
3 classifications of joints
Fibrous (immovable)
Cartilaginous (slightly movable)
Synovial (freely movable)
Fibrous joints
Synarthroses
Firmly united by fibrous tissue
Ex: sutures that unite most skull bones
Cartilaginous joints
Amphiarthroses
Capable of a slight rocking movement
Ex: intervertebral disks, symphyses between the two halves of pelvis
Synovial joints
Diarthroses
Ex: shoulder joint, stifle joint
6 movements of synovial joints
Flexion-extension
Adduction-abduction
Rotation
Circumduction
4 basic types of synovial joints
Hinge
Gliding
Pivot
Ball-and-socket
Hinge joints
One joint surface swivels around another
Possible movements: flexion and extension
Ex: elbow joint, atlanto-occipital joint
Gliding joints
Joint surfaces are relatively flat
Rocking motion of one bone on the other
Possible movements: mainly flexion and extension, some adduction and abduction
Ex: carpus
