Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Tech > EQUIVALENCE AND BODY SYSTEMS > Flashcards

EQUIVALENCE AND BODY SYSTEMS Flashcards

1
Q

Select all that apply
In order to be pharmaceutically equivalent, drug products must have the same:

a) active ingredients
b) inactive ingredients
c) dosage form and strength
d) mechanism of release
e) route of administration

A

a) active ingredients
c) dosage form and strength
e) route of administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Drug products that contain the same drug moiety, but may have different forms or strengths are:

a) Pharmaceutical equivalents
b) Pharmaceutical alternatives
c) Therapeutic equivalents
d) Bioavailability

A

b) Pharmaceutical alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

__________ is the measure of the rate and extent to which the active ingredient is absorbed from a dosage form and becomes available at the desired site of action.

A

Bioavailability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

__________ describes pharmaceutical equivalent or pharmaceutical alternative products that display comparable bioavailability when studied under similar experimental conditions.

A

Bioequivalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In order for two drugs to be therapeutic equivalents, they first must be:

a) pharmaceutical alternatives and be bioavailable
b) pharmaceutical alternatives and be bioequivalent
c) pharmaceutical equivalents and be bioequivalent

A

c) pharmaceutical equivalents and be bioequivalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False

Two drugs can only be therapeutic equivalents if their inactive ingredients are identical.

A

False

active ingredients are identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

To be classified as therapeutic equivalents by the FDA, drugs products must meet which of the following criteria:

a) they are bioequivalent and adequately labeled
b) they are pharmaceutical equivalents
c) they are bioavailable
d) they are approved as safe and effective
e) they are in compliance with Current Good Mfc. Practice regulations
f) they are pharmaceutical alternatives

A

a) they are bioequivalent and adequately labeled
b) they are pharmaceutical equivalents
d) they are approved as safe and effective
e) they are in compliance with Current Good Mfc. Practice regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between pharmaceutical equivalents and therapeutic equivalents?

A

Therapeutic equivalents must also be bioequivalent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

For an applicant drug to be considered bioequivalent to a standard drug, it must be within what percentage range compared to the standard drug bioavailability?

a) -20%/+20%
b) -15%/+25%
c) -20%/+20%
d) -20%/+25%

A

d) -20%/+25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the actual name of the “orange book”?

A

Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is another name for the Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations resource book?

A

Orange book

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define the acronym DESI.

A

Drug Efficacy Study Implementation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the letter “A” indicate for drugs in the orange book?

A

Drug is a therapeutic equivalent product.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the letter “B” indicate for drugs in the orange book?

A

Drugs that are not considered to be equivalent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Drugs which are not considered to have the potential for equivalence problems.

a) AA
b) AB
c) AP
d) AT

A

a) AA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Drugs which have shown, through testing that they are equivalent.

a) AA
b) AB
c) AN
d) AO

A

b) AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Equivalent solutions and powders for intended aerosolization.

a) AO
b) BP
c) AN
d) AA

A

c) AN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Equivalent injectable oil solutions whose active ingredients and vehicle are identical.

a) AT
b) AP
c) BN
d) AO

A

d) AO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Drugs which are not considered to have the potential for equivalence problems.

a) AP
b) AN
c) AT
d) AB

A

c) AT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Equivalent topical products.

a) AT
b) AP
c) AA
d) AN

A

b) AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Indicates further testing is needed on a product already assigned to A or B.

a) B*
b) BX
c) BE
d) BT

A

a) B*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Drugs shown to be non-equivalent in bioequivalence studies.

a) BT
b) BS
c) BP
d) BD

A

d) BD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Non-equivalent drug due to presumed differences in delayed release dosage form.

a) BD
b) BE
c) BT
d) B*

A

b) BE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Non-equivalence due to a presumed difference in extended release dosage forms.

a) BS
b) BT
c) BX
d) BC

A

d) BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Aerosol-Nebulizer drugs that are presumed to be non-equivalent.

a) BC
b) BS
c) BN
d) BE

A

c) BN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Active ingredients which the FDA has determined have potential equivalency problems.

a) BP
b) AP
c) BX
d) BS

A

a) BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Suppositories or enemas which are presumed to be non-equivalent.

a) AR
b) BR
c) BD
d) BE

A

b) BR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Drugs which do not have a valid standard for comparison.

a) BE
b) BS
c) B*
d) BN

A

b) BS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Topical products which are presumed to be non-equivalent.

a) BC
b) BR
c) AT
d) BT

A

d) BT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Orange Book Ratings.
Drugs products for which the available data is insufficient to determine equivalence

a) BS
b) BR
c) BX
d) BE

A

c) BX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Injuries that damage the integrity of the skin barrier.

A

Skin abrasions/lacerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Damage caused by contact with heat or sun exposure.

A

Burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Abnormal growth of cells in the skin structure.

A

Skin cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Chronic disease that forms scaly red patches on skin.

A

Psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Chronic itchy rash.

A

Eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Infection caused by bacteria, virus, or fungal means.

A

Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Major structures of the skin.

A

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Clean-up crew of the blood.

A

White blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Carries oxygen throughout body using hemoglobin.

A

Red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Portion of the blood important in the clotting process when a blood vessel is injured.

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Soup that blood cells float around in.

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Two chambers at the top of the heart are known as:

A

Left and right Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Function of left and right atrium include:

A

Collect blood returning to heart and forward it to lower chambers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which chambers have thicker muscle walls and are more powerful?

A

Lower chambers

45
Q

Two chambers at the bottom of the heart are known as:

A

Left and right Ventricles

46
Q

Takes blood returned from body tissues through the right atrium and pushes it out to the lungs to get its oxygen supply replenished.

A

Right ventricle

47
Q

Takes blood returned from lungs through left atrium and pushes out blood to feed body tissues.

A

Left ventricle

48
Q

Conductor on the heart that initiates heart beat by sending electrical impulses across heart muscle.

A

Sino-atrial node (SA)

49
Q

Electrical insulating layer of tissue that acts as a bridge separating the upper/lower chambers of the heart.

A

Atrial-ventricle node (AV)

50
Q

Which half of the heart receives and distributes non-oxygenated blood?

A

Right half

51
Q

Which half of the heart handles only oxygenated blood?

A

Left half

52
Q

Tubes of transport for blood.

A

Blood vessels

53
Q

Oxygenated blood is carried in vessels known as:

A

Arteries

54
Q

Non-oxygenated blood is carried in vessels known as:

A

Veins

55
Q

When blood is traveling away from the heart, it is being carried in a(n):

A

Artery

56
Q

When blood is returning to the heart, it is being carried in a(n):

A

Vein

57
Q

When un-oxygenated blood travels away from the heart to the lungs is through the:

A

Pulmonary Vein

58
Q

When oxygenated blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it’s through the:

A

Pulmonary Artery

59
Q

Major Structures of the Cardiovascular System

A

Blood, blood vessels, heart.

60
Q

An abnormally low RBC count causing decreased ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

A

Anemia

61
Q

Higher or lower than normal pressures in the circulatory system.

A

Blood Pressure Disorders

62
Q

Inability of the heart to effectively pump blood to the tissues.

A

Heart Failure

63
Q

Electrical disturbance in the conduction of the heart muscle.

A

Heart Arrhythmias

64
Q

Disturbance of the blood flow to the heart muscle itself causing chest pain or heart muscle damage.

A

Myocardial Infarction/Angina

65
Q

Super-highway that nerves travel to and from the brain.

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

66
Q

Structure containing nerve fibers.

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

67
Q

A specialized cell that transmits an electrical impulse along its length.

A

Nerve fiber

68
Q

Major Structures of the Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves.

69
Q

Damaged caused by trauma.

A

Injury/accident

70
Q

Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain.

A

Seizure

71
Q

Movement disorder thought to be caused by a lack of chemical transmitter in the brain.

A

Parkinson’s disease

72
Q

Defect in cognitive function of the brain thought to be due to chemical imbalances within the brain.

A

Psychiatric

73
Q

Progressive brain disorder that destroys the person’s memory and ability to learn, communicate, and make daily judgments.

A

Alzheimer’s disease

74
Q

Condition that occurs when a blood vessel that supplies an area within the brain either clots or bursts and that area of the brain is damaged by lack of blood circulation.

A

Stroke

75
Q

Disease in which the protective covering of nerve fibers is destroyed interfering with, or making impossible, nerve impulse transmission.

A

Multiple Sclerosis

76
Q

Organ system that provides the body with a mechanism for bringing in oxygen into the body and removing waste gases.

A

Respiratory system

77
Q

Gaseous exchange takes place in an organ known as the:

A

Lungs

78
Q

Arrange in order the way in which oxygen travels upon entering and exiting the body.

a) Each bronchus splits into smaller bronchial tubes that enter each lung
b) The alveoli (surrounded by circulatory capillaries) absorb oxygen from the lung and give off carbon dioxide
c) Trachea splits into two bronchi, one of which heads to both left and right lungs
d) Each bronchial tube splits into smaller passageways ending in the alveoli
e) Carbon dioxide is exhaled back out through the mouth
f) Enters through nose and mouth and down through trachea

A

f) Enters through nose and mouth and down through trachea
c) Trachea splits into two bronchi, one of which heads to both left and right lungs
a) Each bronchus splits into smaller bronchial tubes that enter each lung
d) Each bronchial tube splits into smaller passageways ending in the alveoli
b) The alveoli (surrounded by circulatory capillaries) absorb oxygen from the lung and give off carbon dioxide
e) Carbon dioxide is exhaled back out through the mouth

79
Q

Arrange in order how oxygen travels through the body.

a) Bronchus -> Bronchial Tubes -> Each Lung
b) Mouth/Nose -> Trachea
c) Carbon Dioxide Exhaled -> Mouth/Nose
d) Alveoli -> Absorb Oxygen -> Give Off Carbon Dioxide
e) Bronchial Tubes -> Alveoli
f) Trachea -> 2 Bronchi -> (1) Bronchi -> Each Lung

A

b) Mouth/Nose -> Trachea
f) Trachea -> 2 Bronchi -> (1) Bronchi -> Each Lung
a) Bronchus -> Bronchial Tubes -> Each Lung
e) Bronchial Tubes -> Alveoli
d) Alveoli -> Absorb Oxygen -> Emit Carbon Dioxide
c) Carbon Dioxide Exhaled -> Mouth/Nose

80
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

COPD

81
Q

Difficulty in breathing caused by airway constriction, blockage, increased mucous production.

A

Asthma

82
Q

Bacterial or viral infection of the lung tissues.

A

Infection

83
Q

Particles of inhaled solids that cannot be expelled by the lungs. (Coal dust or asbestos)

A

Pneumoconiosis

84
Q

Organ system that removes waste products from the blood stream.

A

Excretory System

85
Q

Solutes that crystallize in the collecting ducts

A

Urinary Stones

86
Q

Caused by bacterial or viral agents.

A

Infection

87
Q

Main filtration organ of the excretory system.

A

Kidney

88
Q

Each kidney has their own:

A

Renal artery and vein

89
Q

Arrange in order how blood travels through the kidneys.

a) Water/Solutes from Blood -> Bowman’s Capsule
b) Tubules -> Collecting Duct -> Ureter -> Bladder
c) Capillary System -> Wraps Around Nephron
d) Renal Artery -> Kidney
e) Kidney -> Capillary Stage
f) Bowman’s Capsule -> Twisting Tubules of Nephron

A

d) Renal Artery -> Kidney
e) Kidney -> Capillary Stage
c) Capillary System -> Wraps Around Nephron
a) Water/Solutes -> Bowman’s Capsule
f) Bowman’s Capsule -> Twisting Tubules
b) Tubules -> Collecting Duct -> Ureter -> Bladder

90
Q

Filtering structure of kidney.

A

Nephron

91
Q

Cup shaped structure on the end of each Nephron.

A

Bowman’s Capsule

92
Q

Collective intertwining blood vessels formed from ball of capillaries in Bowman’s Capsule.

A

Glomerulus

93
Q

Nerves that bring sensory information from the periphery into the CNS or carry nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles.

A

Somatic

94
Q

Nerves that carry impulses that regulate smooth muscles of the internal organs and glands.

A

Autonomic

95
Q

Nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

A

CNS

96
Q

Nervous system consisting of nerves that lead from the spinal cord and proceed outwardly into body.

A

PNS

97
Q

The digesting material is moved either too fast or too slow through the GI tract.

A

Hyper/Hypo Motility

98
Q

Swallowed material is discharged back up the esophagus.

A

Vomitting

99
Q

Water or loose stools that can be caused by a variety of reasons.

A

Diarrhea

100
Q

Too much stomach acid is being produced.

A

Excess Stomach Acid

101
Q

Stomach contents and acid are released back into the esophagus.

A

Gastric Reflux

102
Q

Areas of stomach tissue that are damaged and no longer have their protected lining intact.

A

Stomach Ulcers

103
Q

Enzymes needed for the breakdown of food are absent or insufficient.

A

Enzyme Deficiencies

104
Q

Organ system designed for the intake of food, water, and nutrients, the conversion of them to fuel for the body, and the expulsion of left over waste production.

A

Gastro-Intestinal System

105
Q

Arrange in order how food travels through the body.

a) Large Intestines -> Anus
b) Small Intestines -> Large Intestines
c) Mouth -> Esophagus
d) Stomach -> Small Intestines
e) Esophagus-> Stomach

A

c) Mouth -> Esophagus
e) Esophagus-> Stomach
d) Stomach -> Small Intestines
b) Small Intestines -> Large Intestines
a) Large Intestines -> Anus

106
Q

Where the bulk of nutrient absorption occurs in the body.

A

Small Intestine

107
Q

Five foot section of GI Tract dedicated mainly to the reabsorption of water and compaction of remaining material.

A

Large Intestine

108
Q

________ __________ serve as a mixing action to aid the process of breaking down food.

A

Stomach contractions

Pharm Tech (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions