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Pharm Tech > DISEASE STATES AND PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

DISEASE STATES AND PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Study of disease’s effect on the normal body functions.

A

Pathophysiology

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2
Q

Disease states that are found to be more common in individuals with certain habits, conditions, genetic make-up, or traits.

A

Risk factors

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3
Q

Two-thirds of all death in the United States are caused by one of five chronic disease states. They are:

A

Heart disease, Cancer, Stroke, COPD, and Diabetes.

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4
Q

Cardiovascular disease can be broken down into two components, cardio and vascular. What does each mean?

A

Cardio-Diseases of the heart.

Vascular- Diseases of the blood vessels.

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5
Q

What percentage of deaths does heart disease and stroke account for in the US?

A

40%

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6
Q

An abnormality of the heart muscle.

A

Cardiomyopathy

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7
Q

Irregularities in the heart beat.

A

Arrhythmia

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8
Q

Disease that affects the arteries supplying the heart with oxygenated blood.

A

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

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9
Q

Reduced arterial blood flow.

A

Myocardial Ischemia

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10
Q

Chest pain.

A

Angina

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11
Q

Death of heart tissue.

A

Myocardial Infarction

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12
Q

Blockage or rupturing of blood vessels that supply the brain.

A

Stroke

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13
Q

Approximately __% of strokes are of the Ischemic variety.

A

80

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14
Q

Approximately __% of strokes are caused by the rupture of blood vessels/brain bleeds.

A

20

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15
Q

Two major independent risk factors for heart disease and stroke are:

A

High blood pressure and high cholesterol.

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16
Q

Chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive bronchitis, and emphysema are examples of:

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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17
Q

Disease that occurs gradually over an extended period of time causing destruction of the alveoli in the lungs.

A

Emphysema

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18
Q

More than __% of all emphysema cases can be attributed to smoking.

A

80

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19
Q

The general name for several conditions that affect the proper use and storage of glucose in the body is:

A

Diabetes

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20
Q

Chemical messenger secreted by special cells in the pancreas signaled by the body.

A

Insulin

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21
Q

Two types of diabetes.

A

Type I and Type II

22
Q

Occurs when the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

A

Type I Diabetes

23
Q

Occurs when the cells responding to insulin messengers are resistant or not enough insulin is produced in the pancreas.

A

Type II Diabetes

24
Q

About __% of diabetics are of the Type II persuasion.

A

90

25
Q

Diabetes risk factors include:

A

FHx, Weight, Age, Inactivity, and Race.

26
Q

The science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease.

A

Pharmacology

27
Q

Brand of pharmacology dealing with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems.

A

Toxicology

28
Q

Chemicals administered to achieve a beneficial therapeutic effect or process within the patient, or for their toxic effect on a parasite within the patient.

A

Drug

29
Q

Site in the body that plays some sort of regulatory role in a body process.

A

Receptor

30
Q

Manner in which two chemicals adhere to each other, weak or strong.

A

Bond

31
Q

Drug that causes a biological process to occur.

A

Agonist

32
Q

Drug that blocks naturally occurring body chemicals from causing a biological process to occur.

A

Antagonist

33
Q

Required amount of drug to achieve a desired outcome.

A

Potency

34
Q

Maximum response possible from a drug.

A

Maximal Efficacy

35
Q

In order to be biologically effective, a drug must have which of the following?

a) the right chemical structure and size
b) the correct chemical potency activity
c) the correct chemical bond activity
d) the correct shape

A

a) the right chemical structure and size
c) the correct chemical bond activity
d) the correct shape

36
Q

The difference between the types of bonds concerns how long they (stay/leave) ____ (bound/broken) _____ (together/broken) ________ and how much (attraction/resistance) __________ there is between the drug and receptor.

A

stay bound together

attraction

37
Q

Strongest receptor bond available where effects last long and are present in the blood stream.

A

Covalent bonding

38
Q

Covalent bonding is relatively _____ in the world of drugs.

A

rare

39
Q

Bonds consisting of very weak or fairly strong attractions.

A

Electrostatic bonding

40
Q

The difference in (light/dark) _____ (reflection/removal)__________ indicates the molecules orientation.

A

light reflection

41
Q

Drug which can twist to give off light with a left handed spin are designated as:

A

levo-rotatory (l-)

42
Q

Drugs which can twist to give off light with a right handed spin are designated as:

A

dextro-rotatory (d-)

43
Q

The more drug present at the receptor, the better the resulting blockade will be. This type of antagonist is a (competitive/competition) _______ antagonist.

A

competitive

44
Q

True or False

The lower the dose required, the lower the relative potency of the drug.

A

False

The higher the relative potency of the drug.

45
Q

The point at which no matter how much more of a drug we administer, there is no increase in effect is referred to as the drug’s:

A

Maximal Dose

46
Q

Which of the following would you expect to have the greatest effects in the body?

a) d-alpha tocopherol
b) d-l-alpha tocopherol
c) l-alpha tocopherol
d) all of the above would have the same activity

A

c) l-alpha tocopherol

47
Q

Which of the following would be required for a drug to have biological activity?

a) the right structure
b) the right chemical bond structure
c) the right shape
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

48
Q

If you want a drug to have a short duration of action, which of the following would be an appropriate characteristic for the drug to have?

a) a competitive reversibility
b) a non-competitive reversibility
c) antagonism
d) agonism

A

a) a competitive reversibility

49
Q

The term “maximal efficacy” refers to:

a) how quickly a drug is absorbed
b) the drug’s relative competitiveness
c) the maximum effect that is available from the drug
d) a drug’s relative potency

A

c) the maximum effect that is available from the drug

50
Q

Drugs can be grouped by:

a) their mechanism of action
b) where they have their effect
c) their chemical structure
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

Pharm Tech (29 decks)

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