DISEASE STATES AND PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

Study of disease’s effect on the normal body functions.

Answer 1

Pathophysiology

Question 2

Disease states that are found to be more common in individuals with certain habits, conditions, genetic make-up, or traits.

Answer 2

Risk factors

Question 3

Two-thirds of all death in the United States are caused by one of five chronic disease states. They are:

Answer 3

Heart disease, Cancer, Stroke, COPD, and Diabetes.

Question 4

Cardiovascular disease can be broken down into two components, cardio and vascular. What does each mean?

Answer 4

Cardio-Diseases of the heart.

Vascular- Diseases of the blood vessels.

Question 5

What percentage of deaths does heart disease and stroke account for in the US?

Answer 5

40%

Question 6

An abnormality of the heart muscle.

Answer 6

Cardiomyopathy

Question 7

Irregularities in the heart beat.

Answer 7

Arrhythmia

Question 8

Disease that affects the arteries supplying the heart with oxygenated blood.

Answer 8

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Question 9

Reduced arterial blood flow.

Answer 9

Myocardial Ischemia

Question 10

Chest pain.

Answer 10

Angina

Question 11

Death of heart tissue.

Answer 11

Myocardial Infarction

Question 12

Blockage or rupturing of blood vessels that supply the brain.

Answer 12

Stroke

Question 13

Approximately __% of strokes are of the Ischemic variety.

Answer 13

80

Question 14

Approximately __% of strokes are caused by the rupture of blood vessels/brain bleeds.

Answer 14

20

Question 15

Two major independent risk factors for heart disease and stroke are:

Answer 15

High blood pressure and high cholesterol.

Question 16

Chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive bronchitis, and emphysema are examples of:

Answer 16

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 17

Disease that occurs gradually over an extended period of time causing destruction of the alveoli in the lungs.

Answer 17

Emphysema

Question 18

More than __% of all emphysema cases can be attributed to smoking.

Answer 18

80

Question 19

The general name for several conditions that affect the proper use and storage of glucose in the body is:

Answer 19

Diabetes

Question 20

Chemical messenger secreted by special cells in the pancreas signaled by the body.

Answer 20

Insulin

Question 21

Two types of diabetes.

Answer 21

Type I and Type II

Question 22

Occurs when the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

Answer 22

Type I Diabetes

Question 23

Occurs when the cells responding to insulin messengers are resistant or not enough insulin is produced in the pancreas.

Answer 23

Type II Diabetes

Question 24

About __% of diabetics are of the Type II persuasion.

Answer 24

90

Question 25

Diabetes risk factors include:

Answer 25

FHx, Weight, Age, Inactivity, and Race.

Question 26

The science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease.

Answer 26

Pharmacology

Question 27

Brand of pharmacology dealing with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems.

Answer 27

Toxicology

Question 28

Chemicals administered to achieve a beneficial therapeutic effect or process within the patient, or for their toxic effect on a parasite within the patient.

Answer 28

Drug

Question 29

Site in the body that plays some sort of regulatory role in a body process.

Answer 29

Receptor

Question 30

Manner in which two chemicals adhere to each other, weak or strong.

Answer 30

Bond

Question 31

Drug that causes a biological process to occur.

Answer 31

Agonist

Question 32

Drug that blocks naturally occurring body chemicals from causing a biological process to occur.

Answer 32

Antagonist

Question 33

Required amount of drug to achieve a desired outcome.

Answer 33

Potency

Question 34

Maximum response possible from a drug.

Answer 34

Maximal Efficacy

Question 35

In order to be biologically effective, a drug must have which of the following? a) the right chemical structure and size b) the correct chemical potency activity c) the correct chemical bond activity d) the correct shape

Answer 35

a) the right chemical structure and size c) the correct chemical bond activity d) the correct shape

Question 36

The difference between the types of bonds concerns how long they (stay/leave) ____ (bound/broken) _____ (together/broken) ________ and how much (attraction/resistance) __________ there is between the drug and receptor.

Answer 36

stay bound together | attraction

Question 37

Strongest receptor bond available where effects last long and are present in the blood stream.

Answer 37

Covalent bonding

Question 38

Covalent bonding is relatively _____ in the world of drugs.

Answer 38

rare

Question 39

Bonds consisting of very weak or fairly strong attractions.

Answer 39

Electrostatic bonding

Question 40

The difference in (light/dark) _____ (reflection/removal)__________ indicates the molecules orientation.

Answer 40

light reflection

Question 41

Drug which can twist to give off light with a left handed spin are designated as:

Answer 41

levo-rotatory (l-)

Question 42

Drugs which can twist to give off light with a right handed spin are designated as:

Answer 42

dextro-rotatory (d-)

Question 43

The more drug present at the receptor, the better the resulting blockade will be. This type of antagonist is a (competitive/competition) _______ antagonist.

Answer 43

competitive

Question 44

True or False | The lower the dose required, the lower the relative potency of the drug.

Answer 44

False | The higher the relative potency of the drug.

Question 45

The point at which no matter how much more of a drug we administer, there is no increase in effect is referred to as the drug's:

Answer 45

Maximal Dose

Question 46

Which of the following would you expect to have the greatest effects in the body? a) d-alpha tocopherol b) d-l-alpha tocopherol c) l-alpha tocopherol d) all of the above would have the same activity

Answer 46

c) l-alpha tocopherol

Question 47

Which of the following would be required for a drug to have biological activity? a) the right structure b) the right chemical bond structure c) the right shape d) all of the above

Answer 47

d) all of the above

Question 48

If you want a drug to have a short duration of action, which of the following would be an appropriate characteristic for the drug to have? a) a competitive reversibility b) a non-competitive reversibility c) antagonism d) agonism

Answer 48

a) a competitive reversibility

Question 49

The term "maximal efficacy" refers to: a) how quickly a drug is absorbed b) the drug's relative competitiveness c) the maximum effect that is available from the drug d) a drug's relative potency

Answer 49

c) the maximum effect that is available from the drug

Question 50

Drugs can be grouped by: a) their mechanism of action b) where they have their effect c) their chemical structure d) all of the above

Answer 50

d) all of the above