DRUG TREATMENT: CARDIAC & CIRCULATORY

Question 1

Upper number, maximum pressure blood obtains, exact moment heart has finished contracting.

Answer 1

Systolic blood pressure

Question 2

Lower number, lowest pressure blood reaches in circulatory system, occurs before heart contracts.

Answer 2

Diastolic blood pressure

Question 3

________ act on blood pressure by lowering the fluid volume in the circulatory system.

Answer 3

Diuretics

Question 4

Which of the following diuretics are less potent than loop diuretics?

a) Potassium sparing diuretics
b) Thiazide diuretics

Answer 4

b) Thiazide diuretics

Question 5

Which of the following diuretics has a unique side effect of causing tinnitus at very high dosing levels and is the most powerful diuretic?

a) Potassium sparing diuretics
b) Thiazide diuretics
c) Loop diuretics

Answer 5

c) Loop diuretics

Question 6

Which of the following diuretics can limit the loss of potassium?

a) Potassium sparing diuretics
b) Thiazide diuretics
c) Loop diuretics

Answer 6

a) Potassium sparing diuretics

Question 7

When speaking of blood pressure control, we are concerned with beta _ receptors of the heart.

Answer 7

1

Question 8

When speaking of keeping lung passages dilated, we are concerned with beta _ receptors of the lungs.

Answer 8

2

Question 9

When a beta 1 receptor is triggered, which of the following is true?

a) if blocked, heart rate and blood pressure decrease
b) if unblocked, heart rate and blood pressure increase
c) if unblocked, heart rate and blood pressure decrease
d) if blocked, heart rate and blood pressure increase

Answer 9

a) if blocked, heart rate and blood pressure decrease

b) if unblocked, heart rate and blood pressure increase

Question 10

True or False

At high doses, newer beta blockers that have a specificity for beta 1 receptors will have no effect on beta 2.

Answer 10

False

They will have some effect on beta 2.

Question 11

Who are the two groups of patients that should probably not receive beta blockers?

Answer 11

Asthmatics and diabetics.

Question 12

One natural product that can trigger vasoconstriction, thereby raising blood pressure is:

Answer 12

Angiotensin

Question 13

Which of the following is not a potent vasoconstrictor?

a) Angiotensin I
b) Angiotensin II

Answer 13

a) Angiotensin I

Question 14

Which of the following must be transformed to become a powerful vasoconstrictor?

a) Angiotensin I
b) Angiotensin II

Answer 14

b) Angiotensin II

Question 15

The enzyme that transforms Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II is called:

Answer 15

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)

Question 16

Which of the following block the receptor which Angiotensin II binds to, blocking its action?

a) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
b) Antagonist Converting Enzyme (ACE)
c) Angiotensin Receptor Agonists (ARA)
d) Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists (ARA)

Answer 16

d) Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists (ARA)

Question 17

A chronic, dry, hacking cough is a unique side effect of:

Answer 17

ACE inhibitor

Question 18

Which chemical is shuttled into and out of the cell in response to muscle contraction needs?

a) Potassium
b) Sodium
c) Chlorine
d) Calcium

Answer 18

d) Calcium

Question 19

Blocking which chemical channel can slow the electrical transmission of heart impulses?

a) Chlorine
b) Calcium
c) Sodium
d) Potassium

Answer 19

b) Calcium

Question 20

Name the receptors that are found in the central and periphery nervous systems.

Answer 20

Alpha receptors

Question 21

Stimulating which receptor produces an excitatory function and initiates an effect?

a) Alpha II
b) Alpha I

Answer 21

b) Alpha I

Question 22

Stimulating which receptor has in inhibitory effect and stops a process from occurring?

a) Alpha II
b) Alpha I

Answer 22

a) Alpha II

Question 23

When Alpha I receptors are stimulated, smooth muscle of the vessel is ________ , ________ the opening for the blood to flow through.

a) dilated, narrowing
b) dilated, widening
c) constricted, narrowing
d) constricted, widening

Answer 23

c) constricted, narrowing

Question 24

If vessels are narrowed, blood pressure:

a) goes up
b) goes down
c) stays the same

Answer 24

a) goes up

Question 25

Alpha 1 Blockers decrease blood pressure by: a) blocking Alpha 2 receptors, stopping the constriction of vessels. b) blocking Alpha 1 receptors, stopping the constriction of vessels. c) blocking Alpha 1 receptors, stopping the dilation of vessels. d) blocking Alpha 2 receptors, stopping the dilation of vessels.

Answer 25

b) blocking Alpha 1 receptors, stopping the constriction of vessels.

Question 26

A concern with alpha blockers such as ________ is _____ ____ ________.

Answer 26

Prazosin; first dose syncope.

Question 27

What should a patient taking Prazosin do when taking the first dose?

Answer 27

Take it in bed

Question 28

Stimulating Alpha 2 receptors: a) inhibits constriction of the blood vessels, decreasing BP b) inhibits dilation of the blood vessels, decreasing BP c) inhibits dilation of the blood vessels, increasing BP d) inhibits constriction of the blood vessels, increasing BP

Answer 28

a) inhibits constriction of the blood vessels, decreasing BP

Question 29

When Alpha 2 receptors are stimulated, the brain stops initiation of the message to the body to ________ blood vessels. a) lengthen b) widen c) dilate d) constrict

Answer 29

d) constrict

Question 30

Angina is caused by:

Answer 30

lack of oxygen to the heart

Question 31

Name the 3 main classes of drug used to treat angina.

Answer 31

Nitrates, Beta Blockers, and Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 32

Which of the following increases the amount of oxygen to the heart? a) Nitrates b) Beta Blockers c) Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 32

a) Nitrates

Question 33

Which of the following decreases the heart's need for oxygen? a) Nitrates b) Beta Blockers c) Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 33

b) Beta Blockers

Question 34

A condition where the heart can no longer pump a sufficient amount of blood to the body.

Answer 34

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Question 35

Drug classes that can ease the workload of the heart include:

Answer 35

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and Beta blockers.

Question 36

Drugs that cause an increase in cardiac output by increasing the force of the heart contraction.

Answer 36

Inotropic drugs

Question 37

Condition of abnormally high cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels in the body.

Answer 37

Hyperlipidemia

Question 38

____ ____ __________ act by binding the bile acids produced by the liver in the intestines and block the absorption of fats (lipids) into the body.

Answer 38

Bile acid sequestrants

Question 39

Adverse effects with bile sequestrants include deficiencies of fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and : a) constipation b) abdominal pain c) nausea d) all of the above e) only a & c

Answer 39

d) all of the above

Question 40

Niacin is a B vitamin that is used to increase the ____ cholesterol (___) in the bloodstream.

Answer 40

good; HDL

Question 41

The ____ cholesterol (___) helps clear the bloodstream of the ___ cholesterol (___).

Answer 41

good, HDL | bad, LDL

Question 42

True or False | A proper ratio of good to bad cholesterol is just as important as total cholesterol levels.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Niacin is often formulated into ________ release products to minimize flushing of the face.

Answer 43

sustained

Question 44

These work to inhibit the production of triglycerides and raise the level of good cholesterol (HDL).

Answer 44

Fibric Acid Derivatives

Question 45

Common side effects for which class of drug include changes in liver enzymes, nausea, rash, and respiratory problems.

Answer 45

Fibric Acid Derivatives

Question 46

Which drug class works by inhibiting an enzyme needed in the production of cholesterol in the body?

Answer 46

Statins

Question 47

What is the name of the enzyme needed in the production of cholesterol in the body?

Answer 47

HMG-CoA reductase enzyme

Question 48

Common side effect for which class of drug include muscles and joint aches, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation.

Answer 48

Statins

Question 49

Which one of the following would be used for treating a clotting disorder? a) Adalat CC b) Colestid c) Niacin d) Pradaxa

Answer 49

d) Pradaxa

Question 50

Which one of the following would be used for inhibiting the production of triglycerides and raise HDL level? a) Cardura XL b) Betapace c) Tricor d) Procardia XL

Answer 50

c) Tricor

Question 51

Which one of the following would be used as a Bile Acid Sequestrant? a) Zestril b) Welchol c) Xarelto d) Verelan

Answer 51

b) Welchol

Question 52

Which one of the following would be used for by increasing cardiac output and heart contraction? a) Lanoxin b) Lopressor c) Coumadin d) Cardizem CD

Answer 52

a) Lanoxin

Question 53

Which one of the following would be used as a vasodilator? a) Niaspan b) Imdur c) Questran d) Heparin

Answer 53

b) Imdur

Question 54

Which one of the following would stimulate alpha 2 receptors and is a central acting drug? a) Nitrodur b) Dobutamine c) Catapres d) Lipitor

Answer 54

c) Catapres

Question 55

Which one of the following is an alpha 1 receptor blocker? a) Zocor b) Aldomet c) Digitek d) Hytrin

Answer 55

d) Hytrin

Question 56

Which one of the following has an affinity to act on the heart or in the peripheral blood vessels? a) Nitro-BID b) Mevacor c) Norvasc d) Atromid-S

Answer 56

c) Norvasc

Question 57

Which one of the following blocks the receptors which angiotensin II binds to? a) Calen b) Cozaar c) Eliquis d) Lopid

Answer 57

b) Cozaar

Question 58

Which one of the following is an ACE Inhibitor? a) Vasotec b) Diovan c) Prazosin d) Procardia

Answer 58

a) Vasotec

Question 59

Which one of the following blocks beta receptors eliminating increase of HR and BP? a) Prinvil b) Inderal c) Tiazac d) Lescol

Answer 59

b) Inderal

Question 60

Which one of the following is a Potassium Sparring Diuretic? a) Esidrix b) Lozol c) Aldactone d) Demadex

Answer 60

c) Aldactone

Question 61

Which one of the following is a Loop Diuretic and can cause tinnitus at very high dose levels? a) Chlorthalidone b) Lozol c) Microzide d) Lasix

Answer 61

d) Lasix

Question 62

Which one of the following is a Thiazide Diuretic? a) Zaroxolyn b) Bumex c) Dyrenium d) Amiloride

Answer 62

a) Zaroxolyn