DRUG TREATMENT: CARDIAC & CIRCULATORY Flashcards
Upper number, maximum pressure blood obtains, exact moment heart has finished contracting.
Systolic blood pressure
Lower number, lowest pressure blood reaches in circulatory system, occurs before heart contracts.
Diastolic blood pressure
________ act on blood pressure by lowering the fluid volume in the circulatory system.
Diuretics
Which of the following diuretics are less potent than loop diuretics?
a) Potassium sparing diuretics
b) Thiazide diuretics
b) Thiazide diuretics
Which of the following diuretics has a unique side effect of causing tinnitus at very high dosing levels and is the most powerful diuretic?
a) Potassium sparing diuretics
b) Thiazide diuretics
c) Loop diuretics
c) Loop diuretics
Which of the following diuretics can limit the loss of potassium?
a) Potassium sparing diuretics
b) Thiazide diuretics
c) Loop diuretics
a) Potassium sparing diuretics
When speaking of blood pressure control, we are concerned with beta _ receptors of the heart.
1
When speaking of keeping lung passages dilated, we are concerned with beta _ receptors of the lungs.
2
When a beta 1 receptor is triggered, which of the following is true?
a) if blocked, heart rate and blood pressure decrease
b) if unblocked, heart rate and blood pressure increase
c) if unblocked, heart rate and blood pressure decrease
d) if blocked, heart rate and blood pressure increase
a) if blocked, heart rate and blood pressure decrease
b) if unblocked, heart rate and blood pressure increase
True or False
At high doses, newer beta blockers that have a specificity for beta 1 receptors will have no effect on beta 2.
False
They will have some effect on beta 2.
Who are the two groups of patients that should probably not receive beta blockers?
Asthmatics and diabetics.
One natural product that can trigger vasoconstriction, thereby raising blood pressure is:
Angiotensin
Which of the following is not a potent vasoconstrictor?
a) Angiotensin I
b) Angiotensin II
a) Angiotensin I
Which of the following must be transformed to become a powerful vasoconstrictor?
a) Angiotensin I
b) Angiotensin II
b) Angiotensin II
The enzyme that transforms Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II is called:
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Which of the following block the receptor which Angiotensin II binds to, blocking its action?
a) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
b) Antagonist Converting Enzyme (ACE)
c) Angiotensin Receptor Agonists (ARA)
d) Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists (ARA)
d) Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists (ARA)
A chronic, dry, hacking cough is a unique side effect of:
ACE inhibitor
Which chemical is shuttled into and out of the cell in response to muscle contraction needs?
a) Potassium
b) Sodium
c) Chlorine
d) Calcium
d) Calcium
Blocking which chemical channel can slow the electrical transmission of heart impulses?
a) Chlorine
b) Calcium
c) Sodium
d) Potassium
b) Calcium
Name the receptors that are found in the central and periphery nervous systems.
Alpha receptors
Stimulating which receptor produces an excitatory function and initiates an effect?
a) Alpha II
b) Alpha I
b) Alpha I
Stimulating which receptor has in inhibitory effect and stops a process from occurring?
a) Alpha II
b) Alpha I
a) Alpha II
When Alpha I receptors are stimulated, smooth muscle of the vessel is ________ , ________ the opening for the blood to flow through.
a) dilated, narrowing
b) dilated, widening
c) constricted, narrowing
d) constricted, widening
c) constricted, narrowing
If vessels are narrowed, blood pressure:
a) goes up
b) goes down
c) stays the same
a) goes up
Alpha 1 Blockers decrease blood pressure by:
a) blocking Alpha 2 receptors, stopping the constriction of vessels.
b) blocking Alpha 1 receptors, stopping the constriction of vessels.
c) blocking Alpha 1 receptors, stopping the dilation of vessels.
d) blocking Alpha 2 receptors, stopping the dilation of vessels.
b) blocking Alpha 1 receptors, stopping the constriction of vessels.
A concern with alpha blockers such as ________ is _____ ____ ________.
Prazosin; first dose syncope.
What should a patient taking Prazosin do when taking the first dose?
Take it in bed
Stimulating Alpha 2 receptors:
a) inhibits constriction of the blood vessels, decreasing BP
b) inhibits dilation of the blood vessels, decreasing BP
c) inhibits dilation of the blood vessels, increasing BP
d) inhibits constriction of the blood vessels, increasing BP
a) inhibits constriction of the blood vessels, decreasing BP
When Alpha 2 receptors are stimulated, the brain stops initiation of the message to the body to ________ blood vessels.
a) lengthen
b) widen
c) dilate
d) constrict
d) constrict
Angina is caused by:
lack of oxygen to the heart
Name the 3 main classes of drug used to treat angina.
Nitrates, Beta Blockers, and Calcium Channel Blockers
Which of the following increases the amount of oxygen to the heart?
a) Nitrates
b) Beta Blockers
c) Calcium Channel Blockers
a) Nitrates
Which of the following decreases the heart’s need for oxygen?
a) Nitrates
b) Beta Blockers
c) Calcium Channel Blockers
b) Beta Blockers
A condition where the heart can no longer pump a sufficient amount of blood to the body.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Drug classes that can ease the workload of the heart include:
Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and Beta blockers.
Drugs that cause an increase in cardiac output by increasing the force of the heart contraction.
Inotropic drugs
Condition of abnormally high cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels in the body.
Hyperlipidemia
____ ____ __________ act by binding the bile acids produced by the liver in the intestines and block the absorption of fats (lipids) into the body.
Bile acid sequestrants
Adverse effects with bile sequestrants include deficiencies of fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and :
a) constipation
b) abdominal pain
c) nausea
d) all of the above
e) only a & c
d) all of the above
Niacin is a B vitamin that is used to increase the ____ cholesterol (___) in the bloodstream.
good; HDL
The ____ cholesterol (___) helps clear the bloodstream of the ___ cholesterol (___).
good, HDL
bad, LDL
True or False
A proper ratio of good to bad cholesterol is just as important as total cholesterol levels.
True
Niacin is often formulated into ________ release products to minimize flushing of the face.
sustained
These work to inhibit the production of triglycerides and raise the level of good cholesterol (HDL).
Fibric Acid Derivatives
Common side effects for which class of drug include changes in liver enzymes, nausea, rash, and respiratory problems.
Fibric Acid Derivatives
Which drug class works by inhibiting an enzyme needed in the production of cholesterol in the body?
Statins
What is the name of the enzyme needed in the production of cholesterol in the body?
HMG-CoA reductase enzyme
Common side effect for which class of drug include muscles and joint aches, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation.
Statins
Which one of the following would be used for treating a clotting disorder?
a) Adalat CC
b) Colestid
c) Niacin
d) Pradaxa
d) Pradaxa
Which one of the following would be used for inhibiting the production of triglycerides and raise HDL level?
a) Cardura XL
b) Betapace
c) Tricor
d) Procardia XL
c) Tricor
Which one of the following would be used as a Bile Acid Sequestrant?
a) Zestril
b) Welchol
c) Xarelto
d) Verelan
b) Welchol
Which one of the following would be used for by increasing cardiac output and heart contraction?
a) Lanoxin
b) Lopressor
c) Coumadin
d) Cardizem CD
a) Lanoxin
Which one of the following would be used as a vasodilator?
a) Niaspan
b) Imdur
c) Questran
d) Heparin
b) Imdur
Which one of the following would stimulate alpha 2 receptors and is a central acting drug?
a) Nitrodur
b) Dobutamine
c) Catapres
d) Lipitor
c) Catapres
Which one of the following is an alpha 1 receptor blocker?
a) Zocor
b) Aldomet
c) Digitek
d) Hytrin
d) Hytrin
Which one of the following has an affinity to act on the heart or in the peripheral blood vessels?
a) Nitro-BID
b) Mevacor
c) Norvasc
d) Atromid-S
c) Norvasc
Which one of the following blocks the receptors which angiotensin II binds to?
a) Calen
b) Cozaar
c) Eliquis
d) Lopid
b) Cozaar
Which one of the following is an ACE Inhibitor?
a) Vasotec
b) Diovan
c) Prazosin
d) Procardia
a) Vasotec
Which one of the following blocks beta receptors eliminating increase of HR and BP?
a) Prinvil
b) Inderal
c) Tiazac
d) Lescol
b) Inderal
Which one of the following is a Potassium Sparring Diuretic?
a) Esidrix
b) Lozol
c) Aldactone
d) Demadex
c) Aldactone
Which one of the following is a Loop Diuretic and can cause tinnitus at very high dose levels?
a) Chlorthalidone
b) Lozol
c) Microzide
d) Lasix
d) Lasix
Which one of the following is a Thiazide Diuretic?
a) Zaroxolyn
b) Bumex
c) Dyrenium
d) Amiloride
a) Zaroxolyn
