Equine Reproduction Flashcards
What needs to be performed on intact and gelded male horses on a regular basis in order to prevent the build up of smegma?
sheath cleaning
What urethral discharge may build up and harden in the sheath forming stones that many cause difficulty & pain with urination if not cleaned off regularly?
smegma
Do older male horses produce more smegma than younger male horses?
ye
What is the most common surgical procedure in horses?
castration
Castration is performed on males of what age?
6 months or older
Male horse castration is almost always performed where?
in the field
Stallion castration is performed with what instrument?
emasculator
What vaccine status must be confirmed before stallions can be castrated?
tetanus
What are the two most common complications of castration?
hemorrhage
swelling
What is a rare complication of castration?
evisceration
How long does it take testosterone levels to drop in a horse?
1 month
How long does it take for a castration incision t heal in a horse?
3-4 weeks
How long does it take for an equine embryo to implant?
35 days
Are mares seasonally polyesters?
yes
How often do mares cycle?
every 15-26 days
How long does estrus last in horses?
5-7 days
What is the length of gestation in horses?
305-365 days
11 months
What is the condition in which a mare will go into heat about 7 days after foaling, and can be rebred at this time?
foal heat
What is the most common reproductive surgery performed on mares?
Caslick’s Surgery
What surgery is performed in order to keep contaminants from entering the uterus via the vagina?
caslicks surgery
What is a mare that has had Caslick’s surgery done called?
swen down
Is dystocia common in horses?
no
Is dystocia in horses an emergency?
yes
Dystocias lasting more than how long tend to rarely produce a live foal?
1 hour
Why do dystocias in horses that last more than one hour rarely provide live foals?
foal suffocates
Udder enlargement occurs in horses at what time prior to foaling?
2-4 weeks
Teats wax in horses how long prior to foaling?
24-48 hours
Does vulvar discharge occur in horses that are about foal?
yes
How long does stage 1 labor last in horses?
2-4 hours
Will mares eat during stage 1 labor?
no
When foaling during what stage should the tail be wrapped, and the caslick sutures removed?
stage 1 labor
How long does stage 2 labor last?
20-30 minutes
What does stage 2 labor begin with?
water breaking
The amniotic sac can contain how much fluid?
2-5 gallons
The amniotic sac should be visible within how many minutes during stage 2 labor?
10-20 minutes
What should emerge after the front feet of the foal are emerged?
head
What emerges just before the rest of the foal’s body emerges?
shoulders
A foal should be breathing on it’s own how long after birth?
30-45 minutes
What occurs at stage 3 labor?
passage of fetal membranes and placenta
How long should stage 3 labor last?
2-4 hours
If stage 3 labor lasts longer than how many hours should the vet be called?
6 hours
