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Large Animal Theory I > Bovine Terminology > Flashcards

Bovine Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an abnormal condition characterized by the distention of the rumen with gases?

A

bloat

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2
Q

Bloat is seen as an enlargement of what side of the abdomen?

A

upper left

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3
Q

Define bull.

A

intact male of breeding age

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4
Q

What is the generic term for both the caruncles of the cow’s uterus and the cotyledon of the placenta?

A

buttons

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5
Q

Define calf.

A

you male or female bovine under 1 year of age

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6
Q

Define claving.

A

giving both to baby cows

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7
Q

What is the term describing the value of a caracas for consumption?

A

carcass merit

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8
Q

What is a raised area of tissue on the ruminant uterus where the cotyledons on the placenta attach, also called “buttons”?

A

caruncles

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9
Q

What is a term meaning to force a cow to lie down, usually using a rope and knot system?

A

casting a cow

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10
Q

CMT

A

California Mastitis Test

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11
Q

What is an area of the placenta that contract the uterine lining, also called buttons?

A

cotyledons

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12
Q

What is a breed that has been formed by crossing two or more breeds?

A

composite breed

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13
Q

What is a feed stuff high in digestible energy and low in crude fiber?

A

concentrate

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14
Q

Is corn a concentrate?

A

yes

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15
Q

Is cereal grains a concentrate?

A

yes

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16
Q

Is soybean meal a concentrate?

A

yes

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17
Q

Is beet pulp a concentrate?

A

yes

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18
Q

Define cow.

A

sexually mature female boine

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19
Q

What is the term describing raising young calves from birth to 6-10 months of age?

A

cow-calf operation

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20
Q

What is a bolus of feed a ruminant regurgitates for further chewing?

A

cud

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21
Q

What is the removal of an animal from the herd for slaughter or euthanasia?

A

cull

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22
Q

Define term “didn’t clean”?

A

did not pass placenta

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23
Q

Define dry cow.

A

cow that is not producing milk

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24
Q

Define eructation.

A

belching

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25
Q

What is the term for a calf that is produced to go directly into the feedlot?

A

feeder claf

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26
Q

What is a lot in which animals on a finishing ration are kept?

A

feedlot

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27
Q

Define finish.

A

degree of fatness of an animal

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28
Q

What is the term meaning to give birth to young and initiate milk production?

A

freshen

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29
Q

Define free martin.

A

Sterile twin female, that is sterile due to testosterone.

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30
Q

What is a vasectomized bull used to detect estrus in cows?

A

gomer bull

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31
Q

What is a metabolic disorder characterized by low levels of magnesium in the blood serum of cattle?

A

grass tetany

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32
Q

Define heifer.

A

Young female that has not produced a calf.

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33
Q

What do you calla grip of cattle?

A

herd

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34
Q

What is the amount of trimmed élan retail cuts that can be obtained from a carcasss usually expressed as a percentage?

A

Lean cutability

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35
Q

What is inflammation of the mammary gland?

A

mastitis

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36
Q

What is a prurient paresis due to hypoglycemia?

A

milk fever

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37
Q

What is a cow that did to get pregnant called?

A

open cow

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38
Q

What is an individual animal of a normally horned breed that does not grow horns?

A

polled

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39
Q

What is a feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy?

A

roughage

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40
Q

What is the regurgitation of undigested food and chewing of it for a second time, then re-swallowing the food?

A

rumination

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41
Q

What is a mammal whose stomach has four parts?

A

ruminant

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42
Q

What is a breeding animal, sometimes used interchangeably with purebreds?

A

seedstock

43
Q

What is forage, orb fodder, o sorghum preserved by fermentation that produces acids?

A

silage

44
Q

What is the little bit of horn left after dehorning called?

A

scur

45
Q

Define settled cow.

A

pregnant cow

46
Q

What is a slaughter calf?

A

calf ready to go to the market

47
Q

What is the term for a female cow that is pregnant for the first time?

A

sprig heifer

48
Q

TMR

A

total mixed ration

49
Q

What is the name for the practice of weighing and blending all feedstuffs into a complete ration which provides adequate nourishment to meet the needs of dairy cows?

A

total mixed ration

50
Q

Define steer.

A

male bovine castrated at a young age

51
Q

What is the organization which grows the calf from 6-10 months to one year?

A

stocker-yearling op.

52
Q

What is the triangular depression in the upper part of the flank?

A

paralumbar fossa

53
Q

Where is the dorsal boundary of the paralumbar fossa?

A

transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

54
Q

What is the cranial boundary of the paralumbar fossa?

A

last rib

55
Q

All ruminants, including cows, have what instead of the upper incisors?

A

dental pad

56
Q

Are a cow’s lips mobile?

A

no

57
Q

In a cow, what structure is used as a prehensile appendage to help move food around the mouth and to form a food bolus?

A

tongue

58
Q

What is the appearance of cow kidneys?

A

lobulated

59
Q

Are the right and left liver lobes divided in a cow?

A

no

60
Q

What is the name for clumped lymph nodules throughout the GI tract?

A

peyer’s patch

61
Q

What does the motion of a cow’s kick look like?

A

arc

62
Q

What is another name for the cow’s kicking motion?

A

cow kicking

63
Q

What is the first stomach into which food enters?

A

rumen

64
Q

What GI potion is a large vat that can hold up to 50 gallons at a time?

A

rumen

65
Q

What GI portion has a large population of bacteria that ferment food?

A

rumen

66
Q

What is the 2nd stomach in the cow?

A

reticulum

67
Q

What are the two other names for the reticulum?

A

hardware stomach

honeycomb

68
Q

Is there a true point of division between the rumen and the reticulum?

A

no

69
Q

What is the third chamber of the stomach?

A

omasum

70
Q

Which of the cow’s stomach is very muscular?

A

omasum

71
Q

What in the omasum allows for efficient absorption of water and salts?

A

highly folded, large surface area

72
Q

What is the fourth and final stomach in the cow?

A

abomasum

73
Q

What is known as the true stomach in the cow?

A

abomasum

74
Q

What is the glandular stomach in the cow?

A

abomasum

75
Q

In which potion of the GI tract in the cow does acid digestion take place?

A

abomasum

76
Q

Where does the abomasum usually lie?

A

R front quadrant of abdomen

77
Q

What GI organ functions to absorb nutrients as the chumpe passes through?

A

small intestine

78
Q

What is the SI broken down into?

A

duodenum
jujunum
ileum

79
Q

Are enzyme secreted in the SI?

A

yes

80
Q

Do cows have a cecum?

A

yes

81
Q

Is the exact function of the cecum in cattle known?

A

no

82
Q

What shape is the colon of the cow?

A

spiral

83
Q

What organ, on the cow provides passive immunity to calves?

A

marray gland/udder

84
Q

What kind of gland is the mammary gland?

A

exocrine

85
Q

Into how many sections is the mammary gland divided?

A

4

86
Q

What is the name for grape like structures lined with specialized epithelium?

A

alveoli

87
Q

Does each alveolus of the mammary gland have its own blood supply?

A

yes

88
Q

In the cow, where does the milk collect?

A

alveolus lumen

89
Q

What is the process of the milk draining from the udder when the cow is stimulated to let down milk?

A

milk letdown

90
Q

Describe the path of milk letdown?

A

gland cistern
teat cistern
streak canal
via teat sphincter

91
Q

If the teat sphincter weakens in a cow what does this allow to penetrate into the mammary gland?

A

bacteria

92
Q

What hormones stimulate milk production?

A

growth hormone
adrenal coricoids
prolactin

93
Q

What hormone stimulates milk letdown?

A

Oxytocin

94
Q

What, in the cow, stimulates the release of oxytocin in terms of milk letdown?

A

sucking action

95
Q

What can inhibit the release of oxytocin and there fore cease milk letdown?

A

pain
loud noises
other stressors

96
Q

Is cow milk higher or lower in protein than human milk?

A

higher

97
Q

What determines the fat content in milk produced by cows?

A

breed

diet

98
Q

When does lactation in cows peak?

A

a few weeks after initiation

99
Q

How many days after calving are dairy cows allowed to “dry out”?

A

300 days

100
Q

When a cow is allowed to dry out, for how long is it dry?

A

2 months

101
Q

Can cows be born with supernumerary teats?

A

yes

102
Q

When can extra teats be removed?

A

during dehorning

103
Q

Can having too many teats predispose a cow to mastitis?

A

yes

104
Q

Are supernumerary teats inherited or developed?

A

inherited

Large Animal Theory I (25 decks)

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