Bovine Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
What is an abnormal condition characterized by the distention of the rumen with gases?
A
bloat
2
Q
Bloat is seen as an enlargement of what side of the abdomen?
A
upper left
3
Q
Define bull.
A
intact male of breeding age
4
Q
What is the generic term for both the caruncles of the cow’s uterus and the cotyledon of the placenta?
A
buttons
5
Q
Define calf.
A
you male or female bovine under 1 year of age
6
Q
Define claving.
A
giving both to baby cows
7
Q
What is the term describing the value of a caracas for consumption?
A
carcass merit
8
Q
What is a raised area of tissue on the ruminant uterus where the cotyledons on the placenta attach, also called “buttons”?
A
caruncles
9
Q
What is a term meaning to force a cow to lie down, usually using a rope and knot system?
A
casting a cow
10
Q
CMT
A
California Mastitis Test
11
Q
What is an area of the placenta that contract the uterine lining, also called buttons?
A
cotyledons
12
Q
What is a breed that has been formed by crossing two or more breeds?
A
composite breed
13
Q
What is a feed stuff high in digestible energy and low in crude fiber?
A
concentrate
14
Q
Is corn a concentrate?
A
yes
15
Q
Is cereal grains a concentrate?
A
yes
16
Q
Is soybean meal a concentrate?
A
yes
17
Q
Is beet pulp a concentrate?
A
yes
18
Q
Define cow.
A
sexually mature female boine
19
Q
What is the term describing raising young calves from birth to 6-10 months of age?
A
cow-calf operation
20
Q
What is a bolus of feed a ruminant regurgitates for further chewing?
A
cud
21
Q
What is the removal of an animal from the herd for slaughter or euthanasia?
A
cull
22
Q
Define term “didn’t clean”?
A
did not pass placenta
23
Q
Define dry cow.
A
cow that is not producing milk
24
Q
Define eructation.
A
belching
25
What is the term for a calf that is produced to go directly into the feedlot?
feeder claf
26
What is a lot in which animals on a finishing ration are kept?
feedlot
27
Define finish.
degree of fatness of an animal
28
What is the term meaning to give birth to young and initiate milk production?
freshen
29
Define free martin.
Sterile twin female, that is sterile due to testosterone.
30
What is a vasectomized bull used to detect estrus in cows?
gomer bull
31
What is a metabolic disorder characterized by low levels of magnesium in the blood serum of cattle?
grass tetany
32
Define heifer.
Young female that has not produced a calf.
33
What do you calla grip of cattle?
herd
34
What is the amount of trimmed élan retail cuts that can be obtained from a carcasss usually expressed as a percentage?
Lean cutability
35
What is inflammation of the mammary gland?
mastitis
36
What is a prurient paresis due to hypoglycemia?
milk fever
37
What is a cow that did to get pregnant called?
open cow
38
What is an individual animal of a normally horned breed that does not grow horns?
polled
39
What is a feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy?
roughage
40
What is the regurgitation of undigested food and chewing of it for a second time, then re-swallowing the food?
rumination
41
What is a mammal whose stomach has four parts?
ruminant
42
What is a breeding animal, sometimes used interchangeably with purebreds?
seedstock
43
What is forage, orb fodder, o sorghum preserved by fermentation that produces acids?
silage
44
What is the little bit of horn left after dehorning called?
scur
45
Define settled cow.
pregnant cow
46
What is a slaughter calf?
calf ready to go to the market
47
What is the term for a female cow that is pregnant for the first time?
sprig heifer
48
TMR
total mixed ration
49
What is the name for the practice of weighing and blending all feedstuffs into a complete ration which provides adequate nourishment to meet the needs of dairy cows?
total mixed ration
50
Define steer.
male bovine castrated at a young age
51
What is the organization which grows the calf from 6-10 months to one year?
stocker-yearling op.
52
What is the triangular depression in the upper part of the flank?
paralumbar fossa
53
Where is the dorsal boundary of the paralumbar fossa?
transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
54
What is the cranial boundary of the paralumbar fossa?
last rib
55
All ruminants, including cows, have what instead of the upper incisors?
dental pad
56
Are a cow's lips mobile?
no
57
In a cow, what structure is used as a prehensile appendage to help move food around the mouth and to form a food bolus?
tongue
58
What is the appearance of cow kidneys?
lobulated
59
Are the right and left liver lobes divided in a cow?
no
60
What is the name for clumped lymph nodules throughout the GI tract?
peyer's patch
61
What does the motion of a cow's kick look like?
arc
62
What is another name for the cow's kicking motion?
cow kicking
63
What is the first stomach into which food enters?
rumen
64
What GI potion is a large vat that can hold up to 50 gallons at a time?
rumen
65
What GI portion has a large population of bacteria that ferment food?
rumen
66
What is the 2nd stomach in the cow?
reticulum
67
What are the two other names for the reticulum?
hardware stomach
| honeycomb
68
Is there a true point of division between the rumen and the reticulum?
no
69
What is the third chamber of the stomach?
omasum
70
Which of the cow's stomach is very muscular?
omasum
71
What in the omasum allows for efficient absorption of water and salts?
highly folded, large surface area
72
What is the fourth and final stomach in the cow?
abomasum
73
What is known as the true stomach in the cow?
abomasum
74
What is the glandular stomach in the cow?
abomasum
75
In which potion of the GI tract in the cow does acid digestion take place?
abomasum
76
Where does the abomasum usually lie?
R front quadrant of abdomen
77
What GI organ functions to absorb nutrients as the chumpe passes through?
small intestine
78
What is the SI broken down into?
duodenum
jujunum
ileum
79
Are enzyme secreted in the SI?
yes
80
Do cows have a cecum?
yes
81
Is the exact function of the cecum in cattle known?
no
82
What shape is the colon of the cow?
spiral
83
What organ, on the cow provides passive immunity to calves?
marray gland/udder
84
What kind of gland is the mammary gland?
exocrine
85
Into how many sections is the mammary gland divided?
4
86
What is the name for grape like structures lined with specialized epithelium?
alveoli
87
Does each alveolus of the mammary gland have its own blood supply?
yes
88
In the cow, where does the milk collect?
alveolus lumen
89
What is the process of the milk draining from the udder when the cow is stimulated to let down milk?
milk letdown
90
Describe the path of milk letdown?
gland cistern
teat cistern
streak canal
via teat sphincter
91
If the teat sphincter weakens in a cow what does this allow to penetrate into the mammary gland?
bacteria
92
What hormones stimulate milk production?
growth hormone
adrenal coricoids
prolactin
93
What hormone stimulates milk letdown?
Oxytocin
94
What, in the cow, stimulates the release of oxytocin in terms of milk letdown?
sucking action
95
What can inhibit the release of oxytocin and there fore cease milk letdown?
pain
loud noises
other stressors
96
Is cow milk higher or lower in protein than human milk?
higher
97
What determines the fat content in milk produced by cows?
breed
| diet
98
When does lactation in cows peak?
a few weeks after initiation
99
How many days after calving are dairy cows allowed to "dry out"?
300 days
100
When a cow is allowed to dry out, for how long is it dry?
2 months
101
Can cows be born with supernumerary teats?
yes
102
When can extra teats be removed?
during dehorning
103
Can having too many teats predispose a cow to mastitis?
yes
104
Are supernumerary teats inherited or developed?
inherited
